Busing Jordan D, Buendia Matthew, Choksi Yash, Hiremath Girish, Das Suman R
Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Monroe Carrell Jr Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, United States.
Front Physiol. 2021 Sep 10;12:731034. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.731034. eCollection 2021.
Our understanding of human gut microbiota has expanded in recent years with the introduction of high-throughput sequencing methods. These technologies allow for the study of metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic bacterial alterations as they relate to human disease. Work in this area has described the human gut microbiome in both healthy individuals and those with chronic gastrointestinal diseases, such as eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). A systematic review of the current available literature on metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic changes in EoE was performed. This review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. All relevant publications up to March 2021 were retrieved using the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. They were then extracted, assessed, and reviewed. Only original studies published in English were included. A total of 46 potential manuscripts were identified for review. Twelve met criteria for further review based on relevance screening and 9 met criteria for inclusion, including 6 studies describing the microbiome in EoE and 3 detailing metabolomic/tissue biochemistry alterations in EoE. No published studies examined metatranscriptomic changes. Samples for microbiome analysis were obtained via esophageal biopsy ( = 3), esophageal string test ( = 1), salivary sampling ( = 1), or stool specimen ( = 1). Samples analyzing tissue biochemistry were obtained via esophageal biopsy ( = 2) and blood plasma ( = 1). There were notable differences in how samples were collected and analyzed. Metabolomic and tissue biochemical alterations were described using Raman spectroscopy, which demonstrated distinct differences in the spectral intensities of glycogen, lipid, and protein content compared to controls. Finally, research in proteomics identified an increase in the pro-fibrotic protein thrombospondin-1 in patients with EoE compared with controls. While there are notable changes in the microbiome, these differ with the collection technique and method of analysis utilized. Techniques characterizing metabolomics and tissue biochemistry are now being utilized to further study patients with EoE. The lack of published data related to the human microbiome, metagenome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome in patients with EoE highlights the need for further research in these areas.
近年来，随着高通量测序方法的引入，我们对人类肠道微生物群的认识不断扩展。这些技术使人们能够研究与人类疾病相关的宏基因组、宏转录组和代谢组细菌变化。该领域的研究已经描述了健康个体以及患有慢性胃肠道疾病（如嗜酸性食管炎，EoE）的个体的肠道微生物群。我们对目前关于EoE中宏基因组、宏转录组和代谢组变化的现有文献进行了系统综述。本综述按照报告系统综述和荟萃分析的PRISMA指南进行。使用搜索引擎PubMed、谷歌学术和科学网检索了截至2021年3月的所有相关出版物。然后对它们进行提取、评估和审查。仅纳入以英文发表的原创研究。共确定了46篇潜在手稿以供审查。基于相关性筛选，有12篇符合进一步审查标准，9篇符合纳入标准，其中6项研究描述了EoE中的微生物群，3项详细阐述了EoE中的代谢组/组织生物化学变化。没有已发表的研究检测宏转录组变化。微生物群分析样本通过食管活检（n = 3）、食管线试验（n = 1）、唾液采样（n = 1）或粪便标本（n = 1）获得。分析组织生物化学的样本通过食管活检（n = 2）和血浆（n = 1）获得。样本的收集和分析方式存在显著差异。使用拉曼光谱描述了代谢组和组织生物化学变化，与对照组相比，该光谱显示了糖原、脂质和蛋白质含量的光谱强度存在明显差异。最后，蛋白质组学研究发现，与对照组相比，EoE患者中促纤维化蛋白血小板反应蛋白-1增加。虽然微生物群有显著变化，但这些变化因所采用的收集技术和分析方法而异。目前正在利用表征代谢组学和组织生物化学的技术进一步研究EoE患者。EoE患者中缺乏与人类微生物群、宏基因组、宏转录组和代谢组相关的已发表数据，凸显了在这些领域进一步开展研究的必要性。
