Chen Yu-Pei, Tsai Chia-Fang, Hameed Asif, Chang Yu-Jen, Young Chiu-Chung
Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, Fujian, China.
Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, Fujian, China.
Bot Stud. 2021 Sep 26;62(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40529-021-00322-9.
Agricultural management and temporal change including climate conditions and soil properties can result in the alteration of soil enzymatic activity and bacterial community, respectively. Therefore, different agricultural practices have been used globally to explore the soil quality. In this study, the temporal variations in soil property, enzymatic activity, and bacterial community at three successive trimester sampling intervals were performed in the soil samples of litchi orchards that were maintained under conventional and sustainable agricultural practices.
Agricultural management found to significantly influence arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and urease activities across time as observed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, and the relative abundance of predominant Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were significantly influenced by temporal change but not agricultural management. This suggested that soil enzymatic activity was more susceptible to the interaction of temporal change and agricultural management than that of the bacterial community. Multiple regression analysis identified total nitrogen, EC, and phosphorus as the significant predictors of acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and β-glucosidase for explaining 29.5-39% of the variation. Moreover, the soil pH and EC were selected for the SOBS, Chao, ACE, and Shannon index to describe 33.8%, 79% of the variation, but no significant predictor was observed in the dominant bacterial phyla. Additionally, the temporal change involved in the soil properties had a greater effect on bacterial richness and diversity, and enzymatic activity than that of the dominant phyla of bacteria.
A long-term sustainable agriculture in litchi orchards would also decrease soil pH and phosphorus, resulting in low β-glucosidase and urease activity, bacterial richness, and diversity. Nevertheless, application of chemical fertilizer could facilitate the soil acidification and lead to adverse effects on soil quality. The relationship between bacterial structure and biologically-driven ecological processes can be explored by the cross-over analysis of enzymatic activity, soil properties and bacterial composition.
农业管理以及包括气候条件和土壤性质在内的时间变化，可能分别导致土壤酶活性和细菌群落的改变。因此，全球采用了不同的农业实践来探究土壤质量。在本研究中，对常规和可持续农业实践下的荔枝园土壤样本进行了连续三个孕期采样间隔的土壤性质、酶活性和细菌群落的时间变化研究。
通过重复测量方差分析观察到，农业管理在不同时间对芳基硫酸酯酶、β - 葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶活性有显著影响。香农和辛普森多样性指数以及优势酸杆菌和变形菌的相对丰度受时间变化显著影响，但不受农业管理影响。这表明土壤酶活性比细菌群落更容易受到时间变化和农业管理相互作用的影响。多元回归分析确定总氮、电导率和磷是酸性磷酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶和β - 葡萄糖苷酶变化的显著预测因子，可解释29.5 - 39%的变异。此外，选择土壤pH值和电导率来描述SOBS、Chao、ACE和香农指数33.8%、79%的变异，但在优势细菌门中未观察到显著预测因子。此外，土壤性质的时间变化对细菌丰富度和多样性以及酶活性的影响大于优势细菌门。
荔枝园长期的可持续农业也会降低土壤pH值和磷含量，导致β - 葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶活性、细菌丰富度和多样性降低。然而，施用化肥会促进土壤酸化并对土壤质量产生不利影响。通过酶活性、土壤性质和细菌组成的交叉分析，可以探索细菌结构与生物驱动的生态过程之间的关系。
