Wei Tao, Hauke Frank, Hirsch Andreas
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
Adv Mater. 2021 Nov;33(45):e2104060. doi: 10.1002/adma.202104060. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
The realization that nanostructured graphene featuring nanoscale width can confine electrons to open its bandgap has aroused scientists' attention to the regulation of graphene structures, where the concept of graphene patterns emerged. Exploring various effective methods for creating graphene patterns has led to the birth of a new field termed graphene patterning, which has evolved into the most vigorous and intriguing branch of graphene research during the past decade. The efforts in this field have resulted in the development of numerous strategies to structure graphene, affording a variety of graphene patterns with tailored shapes and sizes. The established patterning approaches combined with graphene chemistry yields a novel chemical patterning route via molecular engineering, which opens up a new era in graphene research. In this review, the currently developed graphene patterning strategies is systematically outlined, with emphasis on the chemical patterning. In addition to introducing the basic concepts and the important progress of traditional methods, which are generally categorized into top-down, bottom-up technologies, an exhaustive review of established protocols for emerging chemical patterning is presented. At the end, an outlook for future development and challenges is proposed.
具有纳米级宽度的纳米结构石墨烯能够限制电子从而打开其带隙，这一认识引起了科学家们对石墨烯结构调控的关注，在此过程中出现了石墨烯图案的概念。探索各种创建石墨烯图案的有效方法催生了一个名为石墨烯图案化的新领域，在过去十年中，该领域已发展成为石墨烯研究中最活跃且最具吸引力的分支。该领域的努力促成了众多构建石墨烯结构的策略的发展，从而得到了各种形状和尺寸定制的石墨烯图案。已确立的图案化方法与石墨烯化学相结合，通过分子工程产生了一种新颖的化学图案化途径，这开启了石墨烯研究的新纪元。在这篇综述中，系统地概述了当前已开发的石墨烯图案化策略，重点是化学图案化。除了介绍传统方法的基本概念和重要进展（传统方法通常分为自上而下、自下而上技术）之外，还对新兴化学图案化的既定方案进行了详尽综述。最后，对未来发展和挑战提出了展望。
