Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;84(2):737-744. doi: 10.3233/JAD-210601.
Literacy is more consistently reported than education as protective against dementia in developing regions.
To study the association of verbal literacy, numeracy, and music literacy with dementia in older Black and White Brazilians with a broad spectrum of education.
We studied 1,818 Black, Mixed-race, and White deceased Brazilians 65 years or older at death (mean = 79.64). Data were retrospectively obtained within 36 hours after death in a face-to-face interview with an informant, usually a family member. Dementia was classified using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Three forms of literacy were ascertained: verbal literacy (10 questions: reading and writing), numeracy (3 questions: multiplication, percentages, and use of a calculator), and music literacy (1 question: reading music). Black (11%) and Mixed-race (23%) older adults were combined in analyses. Models adjusted for age and sex.
Dementia was identified in 531 people. Participants had 0 to 25 years of education (median = 4). More literacy was associated with lower odds of dementia (all p≤0.039). Participants that read music had about half the odds of having dementia. Participants in the highest quartile of numeracy and verbal literacy had respectively 27%and 15%lower odds of having dementia compared to the lowest quartile. Literacy was lower in Blacks (p < 0.001, except music p = 0.894) but the effect of literacy on dementia was similar (interaction p > 0.237). In secondary analyses, playing instruments without reading music was not associated with dementia (p = 0.887).
In a large sample of Brazilians, verbal literacy, numeracy, and music literacy were associated with lower odds of dementia. The effect was similar across races.
在发展中地区，与痴呆症相关的研究中，文化程度的报道比受教育程度更一致。
研究广泛教育背景下的黑人和白人巴西老年人的口头文化程度、计算能力和音乐文化程度与痴呆症的关系。
我们研究了 1818 名黑种人、混血人和白人巴西死者，年龄在 65 岁或以上（平均年龄=79.64 岁）。在死者去世后 36 小时内，通过与家属等知情人进行面对面访谈获取数据。痴呆症使用临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）进行分类。确定了三种文化程度：口头文化程度（10 个问题：阅读和写作）、计算能力（3 个问题：乘法、百分比和计算器的使用）和音乐文化程度（1 个问题：阅读音乐）。在分析中，将黑人和混血人（11%和 23%）合并。模型调整了年龄和性别。
在 531 名参与者中发现了痴呆症。参与者的受教育年限为 0 至 25 年（中位数=4 年）。更高的文化程度与痴呆症的几率较低相关（均 p≤0.039）。阅读音乐的参与者痴呆症的几率降低了约一半。与最低四分位数相比，计算能力和口头文化程度最高四分位数的参与者分别有 27%和 15%的痴呆症发病几率较低。黑人的文化程度较低（p<0.001，除音乐 p=0.894），但文化程度对痴呆症的影响相似（交互作用 p>0.237）。在二次分析中，不阅读音乐演奏乐器与痴呆症无关（p=0.887）。
在一项针对大量巴西人的研究中，口头文化程度、计算能力和音乐文化程度与痴呆症的几率较低有关。这种影响在不同种族之间是相似的。
