The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.
J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(1):1-26. doi: 10.3233/JPD-212815.
Early-onset parkinsonism (EO parkinsonism), defined as subjects with disease onset before the age of 40 or 50 years, can be the main clinical presentation of a variety of conditions that are important to differentiate. Although rarer than classical late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) and not infrequently overlapping with forms of juvenile onset PD, a correct diagnosis of the specific cause of EO parkinsonism is critical for offering appropriate counseling to patients, for family and work planning, and to select the most appropriate symptomatic or etiopathogenic treatments. Clinical features, radiological and laboratory findings are crucial for guiding the differential diagnosis. Here we summarize the most important conditions associated with primary and secondary EO parkinsonism. We also proposed a practical approach based on the current literature and expert opinion to help movement disorders specialists and neurologists navigate this complex and challenging landscape.
早发性帕金森病（EO 帕金森病）定义为发病年龄在 40 岁或 50 岁之前的患者，可作为多种疾病的主要临床表现，这些疾病需要进行重要的鉴别诊断。尽管其比经典的晚发性帕金森病（PD）少见，并且与青少年起病 PD 形式常有重叠，但正确诊断 EO 帕金森病的具体病因对于为患者提供适当的咨询、家庭和工作规划以及选择最合适的对症或病因治疗至关重要。临床特征、影像学和实验室发现对于指导鉴别诊断至关重要。本文总结了与原发性和继发性 EO 帕金森病相关的最重要的疾病。我们还根据当前的文献和专家意见提出了一种实用方法，以帮助运动障碍专家和神经科医生应对这一复杂且具有挑战性的领域。
