Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2021 Sep 27;16(9):e0257028. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257028. eCollection 2021.
The equity of transport accessibility is a prerequisite for sustainable development targets, especially in the ecologically fragile area of the Tibetan Plateau (also known as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). The relationship between transportation supply and social demand has become a key element of socioeconomic development and environmental protection in agricultural and pastoral areas. Based on data from transportation networks, permanent populations and the economy, this study uses a network analysis model, the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient to construct an index of social demand in townships and analyse the equity of transport accessibility on the Tibetan Plateau between 1980 and 2017; the principle of geographic distribution and the spatial relationship between transport accessibility and social demand at the township scale are also discussed. This study finds the following: the development of transportation has improved accessibility on the Tibetan Plateau, creating a highly accessible region with important cities as the nodes and major traffic arteries as the axes; both the coefficient of variation of transport accessibility and the Gini coefficient have increased slightly; and the equity of transport accessibility among townships on the Tibetan Plateau has exhibited a downward trend. Further, the social demand index is doubling every ten years, the spatial distribution has regional characteristics, and a decrease in permanent populations is the main reason for declining social demand index scores among townships. Townships with the lowest and highest social demand index scores for transportation development enjoy greater transportation benefits; there is a significant spatial relationship between social demand and location conditions (potential accessibility); the aggregation of social demand and accessibility types follows specific geographical distribution principles; and the Mangya-Gongshan Line delineates the distribution characteristics of township clusters with low social demand and low accessibility.
交通可达性公平性是可持续发展目标的前提，特别是在生态脆弱的青藏高原地区（也称为青藏高原）。交通供给与社会需求之间的关系已成为农牧区社会经济发展和环境保护的关键要素。本研究基于交通网络、常住人口和经济数据，运用网络分析模型、变差系数和基尼系数，构建了 1980-2017 年青藏高原乡镇社会需求指数，并分析了交通可达性公平性；探讨了乡镇尺度交通可达性与社会需求的地域分布规律和空间关系。研究发现：交通发展提高了青藏高原的可达性，形成了以重要城市为节点、主要交通干线为轴线的高度可达区域；交通可达性的变差系数和基尼系数均略有增加；青藏高原乡镇交通可达性公平性呈下降趋势。此外，乡镇社会需求指数每十年翻一番，空间分布具有区域性特征，常住人口减少是乡镇社会需求指数下降的主要原因。交通发展最低和最高社会需求指数得分的乡镇享有更大的交通效益；社会需求与区位条件（潜在可达性）之间存在显著的空间关系；社会需求和可达性类型的聚集遵循特定的地理分布规律；芒牙-公山线划定了低社会需求和低可达性乡镇群的分布特征。
