Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India.
J Med Virol. 2022 Jan;94(1):99-109. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27358. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
A severe pandemic of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has been sweeping the globe since 2019, and this time, it did not stop, with frequent mutations transforming into virulent strains, for instance, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.427. In recent months, a fungal infection, mucormycosis has emerged with more fatal responses and significantly increased mortality rate. To measure the severity and potential alternative approaches against black fungus coinfection in COVID-19 patients, PubMed, Google Scholar, World Health Organization (WHO) newsletters, and other online resources, based on the cases reported and retrospective observational analysis were searched from the years 2015-2021. The studies reporting mucormycosis with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coinfection and/or demonstrating potential risk factors, such as a history of diabetes mellitus or suppressed immune system were included, and reports published in non-English language were excluded. More than 20 case reports and observational studies on black fungus coinfection in COVID-19 patients were eligible for inclusion. The results indicated that diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic, and immunocompromised COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis were at a higher risk. We found that it was prudent to assess the potential risk factors and severity of invasive mycosis via standardized diagnostic and clinical settings. Large-scale studies need to be conducted to identify early biomarkers and optimization of diagnostic methods has to be established per population and geographical variation. This will not only help clinicians around the world to detect the coinfection in time but also will prepare them for future outbreaks of other potential pandemics.
自 2019 年以来，一种严重的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行一直在全球范围内肆虐，而这一次，它并没有停止，频繁的突变导致了毒性更强的菌株，例如 B.1.1.7、B.1.351 和 B.1.427。最近几个月，一种真菌感染，毛霉菌病的出现，导致了更致命的反应和显著增加的死亡率。为了衡量 COVID-19 患者中黑真菌合并感染的严重程度和潜在的替代方法，我们在 2015 年至 2021 年期间，基于病例报告和回顾性观察分析，在 PubMed、Google Scholar、世界卫生组织（WHO）通讯和其他在线资源中搜索了针对 COVID-19 患者中黑真菌合并感染的严重程度和潜在替代方法的相关研究。我们纳入了报告毛霉菌病与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）合并感染和/或显示出潜在危险因素的研究，如糖尿病史或免疫系统抑制史，并排除了发表在非英语语言的报告。有 20 多例关于 COVID-19 患者黑真菌合并感染的病例报告和观察性研究符合纳入标准。结果表明，糖尿病、高血糖和免疫功能低下的 COVID-19 合并毛霉菌病患者风险更高。我们发现，通过标准化的诊断和临床设置评估侵袭性真菌感染的潜在危险因素和严重程度是谨慎的。需要进行大规模研究，以确定早期生物标志物，并根据人群和地理差异建立诊断方法的优化。这不仅有助于全球临床医生及时发现合并感染，也为未来其他潜在大流行的爆发做好准备。
