Fu Hsuan, Yen Feng-Lin, Huang Pao-Hsien, Yang Chun-Yin, Yen Chia-Hung
Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Master Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Sep 2;10(9):1411. doi: 10.3390/antiox10091411.
Airborne particulate matter (PM) is one of the indicators of air pollution, and it is also the main factor causing oxidative stress in the skin. Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural terpenoid compound, effectively inhibited PM-induced skin aging; however, OA has poor water solubility and skin absorption, which limit its application in medicines and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to prepare oleanolic acid nanofibers (OAnf) and evaluate the effects of OA and OAnf in PM-treated keratinocytes. The results showed that OA dissolved in dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) attenuated PM-induced reactive oxygen species overproduction, stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-amino-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) activation, and the expressions of inflammatory and skin-aging-related proteins. In addition, the nanofiber process of OA effectively improved the water solubility of OA more than 99,000-fold through changing its physicochemical properties, including a surface area increase, particle size reduction, amorphous transformation, and hydrogen bonding formation with excipients. The skin penetration ability of OAnf was consistently over 10-fold higher than that of OA. Moreover, when dissolved in PBS, OAnf displayed superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-skin aging activities in PM-treated keratinocytes than OA. In conclusion, our findings suggest that OAnf could be a topical antioxidant formulation to attenuate skin problems caused by PM.
空气中的颗粒物（PM）是空气污染的指标之一，也是导致皮肤氧化应激的主要因素。齐墩果酸（OA）是一种天然萜类化合物，能有效抑制PM诱导的皮肤衰老；然而，OA的水溶性和皮肤吸收性较差，这限制了其在医药和化妆品中的应用。本研究的目的是制备齐墩果酸纳米纤维（OAnf），并评估OA和OAnf对PM处理的角质形成细胞的影响。结果表明，溶解于二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中的OA可减轻PM诱导的活性氧过量产生、应激激活蛋白激酶/应激活化蛋白激酶（SAPK/JNK）激活以及炎症和皮肤衰老相关蛋白的表达。此外，OA的纳米纤维制备过程通过改变其物理化学性质，包括表面积增加、粒径减小、无定形转变以及与辅料形成氢键，有效地将OA的水溶性提高了99000多倍。OAnf的皮肤渗透能力始终比OA高10倍以上。此外，当溶解于磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）中时，OAnf在PM处理的角质形成细胞中表现出比OA更强的抗氧化、抗炎和抗皮肤衰老活性。总之，我们的研究结果表明，OAnf可能是一种局部抗氧化制剂，可减轻PM引起的皮肤问题。
