Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 30;20(17):4259. doi: 10.3390/ijms20174259.
Particulate matter (PM), a widespread air pollutant, consists of a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in air. Many diseases have been linked to PM exposure, which induces an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in cells, and might result in skin diseases (such as aging and atopic dermatitis). New techniques involving nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems are being rapidly developed in the medicinal field. Fullerene, a kind of nanomaterial, acts as a super radical scavenger. Lower water solubility levels limit the bio-applications of fullerene. Hence, to improve the water solubility of fullerene, while retaining its radical scavenger functions, a fullerene derivative, fullerenol C(OH), was synthesized, to examine its biofunctions in PM-exposed human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. The PM-induced increase in ROS levels and expression of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt could be inhibited via fullerenol pre-treatment. Furthermore, the expression of inflammation-related proteins, cyclooxygenase-2, heme oxygenase-1, and prostaglandin E2 was also suppressed. Fullerenol could preserve the impaired state of skin barrier proteins (filaggrin, involucrin, repetin, and loricrin), which was attributable to PM exposure. These results suggest that fullerenol could act against PM-induced cytotoxicity via ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and the maintenance of expression of barrier proteins, and is a potential candidate compound for the treatment of skin diseases.
颗粒物（PM）是一种广泛存在的空气污染物，由悬浮在空气中的固体和液体颗粒组成的复杂混合物。许多疾病与 PM 暴露有关，PM 暴露会导致细胞中产生的活性氧物质（ROS）失衡，并可能导致皮肤疾病（如衰老和特应性皮炎）。涉及纳米医学和纳米递药系统的新技术正在医学领域迅速发展。富勒烯是一种纳米材料，具有超自由基清除剂的作用。较低的水溶性限制了富勒烯的生物应用。因此，为了提高富勒烯的水溶性，同时保留其自由基清除功能，合成了富勒醇 C（OH）作为富勒烯的衍生物，以研究其在 PM 暴露的人角质形成细胞（HaCaT）中的生物功能。富勒醇预处理可以抑制 PM 诱导的 ROS 水平升高和磷酸化丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和 Akt 的表达。此外，炎症相关蛋白环加氧酶-2、血红素加氧酶-1 和前列腺素 E2 的表达也受到抑制。富勒醇可以维持因 PM 暴露而受损的皮肤屏障蛋白（丝聚蛋白、兜甲蛋白、内披蛋白和板层素）的状态。这些结果表明，富勒醇通过清除 ROS 和抗炎机制以及维持屏障蛋白的表达来对抗 PM 诱导的细胞毒性，是治疗皮肤疾病的潜在候选化合物。
