Scuderi Caterina, Golini Lorenzo
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Sep 3;11(9):2584. doi: 10.3390/ani11092584.
Canine and feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome is a common neurodegenerative disorder of old age and a natural model of human Alzheimer's disease. With the unavoidable expanding life expectancy, an increasing number of small animals will be affected. Although there is no cure, early detection and intervention are vitally important to delay cognitive decline. Knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression is an equally decisive factor for developing effective approaches. Uncontrolled neuroinflammation, orchestrated in the central nervous system mainly by astrocytes, microglia, and resident mast cells, is currently acknowledged as a hallmark of neurodegeneration. This has prompted scientists to find a way to rebalance the altered crosstalk between these cells. In this context, great emphasis has been given to the role played by the expanded endocannabinoid system, i.e., endocannabinoidome, because of its prominent role in physiological and pathological neuroinflammation. Within the endocannabinoidome, great attention has been paid to palmitoylethanolamide due to its safe and pro-homeostatic effects. The availability of new ultramicronized formulations highly improved the oral bioavailability of palmitoylethanolamide, paving the way to its dietary use. Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide has been repeatedly tested in animal models of age-related neurodegeneration with promising results. Data accumulated so far suggest that supplementation with ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide helps to accomplish successful brain aging.
犬猫认知功能障碍综合征是一种常见的老年神经退行性疾病，也是人类阿尔茨海默病的天然模型。随着预期寿命不可避免地延长，越来越多的小动物将受到影响。尽管无法治愈，但早期检测和干预对于延缓认知衰退至关重要。了解疾病发生和发展的细胞和分子机制对于开发有效方法同样具有决定性作用。目前认为，主要由星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和驻留肥大细胞在中枢神经系统中协调的不受控制的神经炎症是神经退行性变的一个标志。这促使科学家们寻找一种方法来重新平衡这些细胞之间改变的相互作用。在这种背景下，由于其在生理和病理性神经炎症中的突出作用，人们非常重视扩展的内源性大麻素系统，即内源性大麻素组的作用。在内源性大麻素组中，由于其安全和促稳态作用，棕榈酰乙醇胺受到了极大关注。新型超微细化制剂的出现极大地提高了棕榈酰乙醇胺的口服生物利用度，为其在饮食中的应用铺平了道路。超微细化棕榈酰乙醇胺已在与年龄相关的神经退行性变动物模型中反复进行测试，结果令人鼓舞。迄今为止积累的数据表明，补充超微细化棕榈酰乙醇胺有助于实现成功的脑老化。
