Poto Margherita Paola, Elvevoll Edel Oddny, Sundset Monica Alterskjær, Eilertsen Karl-Erik, Morel Mathilde, Jensen Ida-Johanne
Faculty of Law, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Foods. 2021 Sep 16;10(9):2197. doi: 10.3390/foods10092197.
The research investigates the problems and maps the solutions to the serious threat that plastics pose to the oceans, food safety, and human health, with more than eight million tons of plastic debris dumped in the sea every year. The aim of this study is to explore how to better improve the regulatory process of ocean plastics by integrating scientific results, regulatory strategies and action plans so as to limit the impact of plastics at sea. Adopting a problem-solving approach and identifying four areas of intervention enable the establishment of a regulatory framework from a multi-actor, multi-issue, and multi-level perspective. The research methodology consists of a two-pronged approach: 1. An analysis of the state-of-the-art definition of plastics, micro-, and nanoplastics (respectively, MPs and NPs), and 2. The identification and discussion of loopholes in the current regulation, suggesting key actions to be taken at a global, regional and national level. In particular, the study proposes a systemic integration of scientific and regulatory advancements towards the construction of an interconnected multi-tiered (MT) plastic governance framework. The milestones reached by the project SECURE at UiT - The Arctic University of Norway provide evidence of the strength of the theory of integration and rights-based approaches. The suggested model holds substantial significance for the fields of environmental protection, food security, food safety, and human health. This proposed MT plastic governance framework allows for the holistic and effective organization of complex information and scenarios concerning plastics regulation. Containing a clear definition of plastics, grounded on the precautionary principle, the MT plastic framework should provide detailed mitigation measures, with a clear indication of rights and duties, and in coordination with an effective reparatory justice system.
该研究调查了塑料对海洋、食品安全和人类健康构成的严重威胁所带来的问题，并规划了解决方案，每年有超过800万吨塑料垃圾倾倒入海。本研究的目的是探索如何通过整合科学成果、监管策略和行动计划，更好地改进海洋塑料的监管流程，以限制塑料在海上的影响。采用解决问题的方法并确定四个干预领域，能够从多行为体、多问题和多层次的角度建立一个监管框架。研究方法包括双管齐下的方式：1. 对塑料、微塑料和纳米塑料（分别为MPs和NPs）的最新定义进行分析；2. 识别和讨论当前监管中的漏洞，提出在全球、区域和国家层面应采取的关键行动。特别是，该研究提出将科学和监管进展进行系统整合，以构建一个相互关联的多层塑料治理框架。挪威北极大学的“安全”项目所取得的里程碑为整合理论和基于权利的方法的优势提供了证据。所建议的模型对环境保护、粮食安全、食品安全和人类健康领域具有重大意义。这个提议的多层塑料治理框架能够对有关塑料监管的复杂信息和情况进行全面有效的组织。基于预防原则，多层塑料框架对塑料有明确的定义，应提供详细的缓解措施，明确权利和义务，并与有效的恢复性司法系统相协调。
