Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, 30-084 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Philosophy, The Pontifical University of John Paul II, 31-002 Kraków, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 15;18(18):9714. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189714.
In recent years, the issue of the meaning in life has aroused particularly great interest in researchers considering the question of whether and how, using simple interventions, outside the therapeutic office, the sense of meaning in life and well-being can be strengthened. The aim of this study was to explore whether interventions based on reflection on everyday, stressful situations can contribute to fostering the sense of meaning in life and psychological well-being among emerging adults. Additionally, we aimed to explore relationships between the above-mentioned constructs and self-efficacy. The research focuses on emerging adults, who, as statistics show, are the most vulnerable among all adults to various mental problems. A pretest-posttest control group design was used. The study involved 80 emerging adults (56 women and 24 men) who were randomly assigned to the experimental group, which completed specially prepared diaries for a week, or the control group. Participants completed the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being twice. In the experimental group, significant differences were noted between pretest and posttest in psychological well-being, especially in the area of relationships with others (M = 59.3; M = 65.07; t(39) = -11.40; = 0.001) and purpose in life (M = 54.85; M = 58.21; t(39) = -3.15; = 0.003), as well as self-efficacy (M = 28.06; M = 29.60; t(39) = -2.82; = 0.007). There were no differences in the level of meaning in life. The analysis carried out showed that self-efficacy mediates the relationship between presence of meaning in life and psychological well-being (the Aroian test: z = 4.48; SE = 0.11; = 0.0007).
近年来，生命意义的问题引起了研究者们极大的兴趣，他们探讨了是否以及如何通过简单的干预措施，在治疗室之外，增强生活意义感和幸福感。本研究旨在探索基于对日常压力情境的反思的干预措施是否有助于培养成年早期个体的生活意义感和心理幸福感，并探讨这些结构与自我效能感之间的关系。研究重点关注成年早期群体，统计数据显示，他们是所有成年人中最容易受到各种心理问题影响的群体。采用了前测后测对照组设计。研究涉及 80 名成年早期个体（56 名女性和 24 名男性），他们被随机分配到实验组，实验组需要完成一周的特制日记，或对照组。参与者两次完成生命意义问卷、一般自我效能感量表和 Ryff 心理幸福感量表。实验组在心理幸福感方面，特别是在人际关系（M=59.3；M=65.07；t（39）=-11.40；p=0.001）和生活目的（M=54.85；M=58.21；t（39）=-3.15；p=0.003）以及自我效能感（M=28.06；M=29.60；t（39）=-2.82；p=0.007）方面，前后测之间存在显著差异。生活意义感水平没有差异。进行的分析表明，自我效能感在生活意义感与心理幸福感之间起中介作用（Aroian 检验：z=4.48；SE=0.11；p=0.0007）。
