Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 8;22(18):9735. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189735.
Watermelon is an important commercial crop in the Southeastern United States and around the world. However, production is significantly limited by biotic factors including fusarium wilt caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus forma specialis (Fon). Unfortunately, this disease has increased significantly in its presence over the last several decades as races have emerged which can overcome the available commercial resistance. Management strategies include rotation, improved crop resistance, and chemical control, but early and accurate diagnostics are required for appropriate management. Accurate diagnostics require molecular and genomic strategies due to the near identical genomic sequences of the various races. Bioassays exist for evaluating both the pathogenicity and virulence of an isolate but are limited by the time and resources required. Molecular strategies are still imperfect but greatly reduce the time to complete the diagnosis. This article presents the current state of the research surrounding races, both how races have been detected and diagnosed in the past and future prospects for improving the system of differentiation. Additionally, the available Fon genomes were analyzed using a strategy previously described in separate formae speciales avirulence gene association studies in races.
西瓜是美国东南部和世界各地的一种重要商业作物。然而，其生产受到生物因素的严重限制，包括由半活体真菌 forma specialis （Fon）引起的枯萎病。不幸的是，在过去几十年中，由于出现了能够克服现有商业抗性的品种，这种疾病的发病率显著增加。管理策略包括轮作、提高作物抗性和化学控制，但早期和准确的诊断是适当管理所必需的。准确的诊断需要分子和基因组策略，因为各种品种的基因组序列几乎相同。生物测定法可用于评估分离株的致病性和毒性，但受到所需时间和资源的限制。分子策略仍然不完美，但大大缩短了完成诊断的时间。本文介绍了围绕品种的研究现状，包括过去如何检测和诊断品种以及未来改进分化系统的前景。此外，还使用先前在 品种中独立形式特殊形式无毒性基因关联研究中描述的策略对可用的 Fon 基因组进行了分析。
