Buccino Federica, Martinoia Giada, Vergani Laura Maria
Department of Mechanical Engineering (DMEC), Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Sep 17;14(18):5368. doi: 10.3390/ma14185368.
The complexity of torsional load, its three-dimensional nature, its combination with other stresses, and its disruptive impact make torsional failure prevention an ambitious goal. However, even if the problem has been addressed for decades, a deep and organized treatment is still lacking in the actual research landscape. For this reason, this review aims at presenting a methodical approach to address torsional issues starting from a punctual problem definition. Accidents and breaks due to torsion, which often occur in different engineering fields such as mechanical, biomedical, and civil industry are considered and critically compared. More in depth, the limitations of common-designed torsion-resistant structures (i.e., high complexity and increased weight) are highlighted, and emerge as a crucial point for a deeper nature-driven analysis of novel solutions. In this context, an accurate screening of torsion-resistant bio-inspired unit cells is presented, taking inspiration specifically from plants, that are often subjected to the torsional effect of winds. As future insights, the actual state of technology suggests an innovative transposition to the industry: these unit cells could be prominently implied to develop novel metamaterials that could be able to address the torsional issue with a multi-scale and tailored arrangement.
扭转载荷的复杂性、其三维特性、与其他应力的组合以及其破坏影响，使得预防扭转失效成为一个宏伟目标。然而，即使这个问题已经被研究了几十年，在实际研究领域中仍缺乏深入且系统的探讨。因此，本综述旨在从精准的问题定义出发，提出一种系统的方法来解决扭转问题。本文考虑并批判性地比较了在机械、生物医学和民用工业等不同工程领域中经常发生的因扭转导致的事故和断裂。更深入地讲，常见设计的抗扭结构的局限性（即高复杂性和重量增加）被凸显出来，这成为对新解决方案进行更深入的自然驱动分析的关键点。在此背景下，本文提出了一种对抗扭生物启发单元胞的精确筛选，特别从经常受到风的扭转作用的植物中汲取灵感。作为未来的展望，当前的技术现状表明可以向工业领域进行创新性转化：这些单元胞可被显著用于开发新型超材料，这些超材料能够通过多尺度和定制化的排列来解决扭转问题。
