Mironov Vladimir, Vanteeva Anna, Sokolova Diyana, Merkel Alexander, Nikolaev Yury
Research Center of Biotechnology, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
Microorganisms. 2021 Sep 3;9(9):1877. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091877.
Mechanical-biological treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) facilitates reducing the landfill workload. The current research aimed to study general activity parameters, content, functions, and diversity of fungal and prokaryotic microbiota in mechanically separated organic fraction of MSW (ms-OFMSW) composting, without using bulking agents and process-promoting additives. During 35 days of composting, vigorous emission of CO (max. 129.4 mg CO kg h), NH (max. 0.245 mg NH kg h), and heat release (max. 4.28 kJ kg h) occurred, indicating intense microbial activity. Immediately following the preparation of the composting mixture, eight genera of lactic acid bacteria and fungal genera , , , , and were predominant. When the temperature increased to more than 60 °C, the microbial biodiversity decreased. Due to succession, the main decomposers of ms-OFMSW changed. The Bacillaceae family, the genera , , and , and the fungal genera and were involved in the processes of organic matter mineralization at the high-temperature and later stages. The biodiversity of the microbiota increased at the stages of cooling and maturation under conditions of relatively high nitrogen content. Thus, the microbial community and its succession during ms-OFMSW composting were characterized for the first time in this work.
城市固体废物（MSW）的机械生物处理有助于减轻填埋工作量。当前研究旨在研究城市固体废物机械分离有机组分（ms-OFMSW）堆肥过程中真菌和原核微生物群的一般活性参数、含量、功能及多样性，且不使用填充剂和促进过程的添加剂。在35天的堆肥过程中，出现了大量的CO排放（最高129.4毫克CO/千克·小时）、NH排放（最高0.245毫克NH/千克·小时）以及热量释放（最高4.28千焦/千克·小时），表明微生物活动剧烈。在堆肥混合物制备后立即出现的情况是，8个乳酸菌属以及真菌属、、、、和占主导地位。当温度升至60℃以上时，微生物多样性降低。由于演替，ms-OFMSW的主要分解者发生了变化。芽孢杆菌科、属、属和属以及真菌属和参与了高温及后期阶段的有机物矿化过程。在氮含量相对较高的条件下，微生物群的生物多样性在冷却和成熟阶段增加。因此，本研究首次对ms-OFMSW堆肥过程中的微生物群落及其演替进行了表征。
