Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Drive, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21270, USA.
Molecules. 2021 Sep 18;26(18):5666. doi: 10.3390/molecules26185666.
Sample preparation is an essential step for nearly every type of biochemical analysis in use today. Among the most important of these analyses is the diagnosis of diseases, since their treatment may rely greatly on time and, in the case of infectious diseases, containing their spread within a population to prevent outbreaks. To address this, many different methods have been developed for use in the wide variety of settings for which they are needed. In this work, we have reviewed the literature and report on a broad range of methods that have been developed in recent years and their applications to point-of-care (POC), high-throughput screening, and low-resource and traditional clinical settings for diagnosis, including some of those that were developed in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to covering alternative approaches and improvements to traditional sample preparation techniques such as extractions and separations, techniques that have been developed with focuses on integration with smart devices, laboratory automation, and biosensors are also discussed.
样品制备是当今几乎每一种生化分析都必不可少的步骤。在这些分析中，最重要的是疾病的诊断，因为它们的治疗可能在很大程度上依赖于时间，而且在传染病的情况下，需要在人群中控制其传播以防止爆发。为了解决这个问题，已经开发了许多不同的方法，用于它们所需的各种不同的环境中。在这项工作中，我们查阅了文献，并报告了近年来开发的广泛的方法及其在即时护理（POC）、高通量筛选以及资源匮乏和传统临床环境中的应用，包括一些针对 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行开发的方法。除了涵盖替代方法和对传统样品制备技术（如提取和分离）的改进外，还讨论了一些将重点放在与智能设备、实验室自动化和生物传感器集成的技术。
