Handayani Dian, Kusumastuty Inggita, Innayah Alma Maghfirotun, Retnaningtyas Ekowati, Sulistyowati Etik, Sasiarini Laksmi, Rudijanto Achmad
Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
J Public Health Res. 2021 Sep 27;11(1):2283. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2283.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence increases globally. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is one of the DM management pillars to control blood glucose. Local Indonesian brown rice is proven to contain high fiber and magnesium levels thus could improve obesity, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c This study aims to prove the benefits of brown rice on anthropometric parameters and blood glucose control.
Respondents were overweight women older than 40 years with type 2 diabetes who were given three main meals and three snacks six days a week for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and blood glucose control data were collected before and after the intervention. Diet and intake data before the intervention were obtained through a semi quantitate food frequency questionnaire. Intake data during the intervention were recorded using the 24-hour food record and analyzed using modified NutriSurvey 2007 software.
Brown rice intervention significantly reduced body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and abdominal circumference (p<0.05), also in fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), and HbA1c (p<0.05). From the Pearson's test results, an increase in fiber intake correlated with a decrease in BMI and abdominal circumference (p=0.03; r = -0.511 and p=0.006; r = -0.619, respectively). Meanwhile, magnesium intake and changes in BMI showed a negative correlation.
The substitution of brown rice as a staple food for 12 weeks improves anthropometric parameters and blood glucose control in respondents with type 2 diabetes.
糖尿病是一种代谢紊乱疾病，其全球患病率呈上升趋势。医学营养治疗（MNT）是控制血糖的糖尿病管理支柱之一。事实证明，印度尼西亚当地糙米含有高纤维和镁，因此可以改善肥胖、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白。本研究旨在证明糙米对人体测量参数和血糖控制的益处。
研究对象为年龄超过40岁的超重2型糖尿病女性，每周六天提供三餐和三次零食，为期12周。在干预前后收集人体测量和血糖控制数据。干预前的饮食和摄入量数据通过半定量食物频率问卷获得。干预期间的摄入量数据使用24小时食物记录进行记录，并使用改良的2007年营养调查软件进行分析。
糙米干预显著降低了体重、BMI、体脂百分比和腹围（p<0.05），空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（PBG）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）也显著降低（p<0.05）。根据皮尔逊检验结果，纤维摄入量的增加与BMI和腹围的降低相关（p=0.03；r = -0.511和p=0.006；r = -0.619）。同时，镁摄入量与BMI变化呈负相关。
用糙米替代主食12周可改善2型糖尿病患者的人体测量参数和血糖控制。
