Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University-Pleven, 1 Kliment Ohridski Str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 18;20(6):1351. doi: 10.3390/ijms20061351.
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral for human health and plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin actions. Despite the widespread clinical evidences for the association of Mg deficiency (MgD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), molecular mechanisms by which Mg contributes to insulin resistance (IR) are still under discussion. Mg regulates electrical activity and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. Intracellular Mg concentrations are critical for the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and other downstream signal kinases of the target cells. Low Mg levels result in a defective tyrosine kinase activity, post-receptor impairment in insulin action, altered cellular glucose transport, and decreased cellular glucose utilization, which promotes peripheral IR in T2D. MgD triggers chronic systemic inflammation that also potentiates IR. People with T2D may end up in a vicious circle in which MgD increases IR and IR causes MgD, that requires periodic monitoring of serum Mg levels.
镁（Mg）是人体健康所必需的矿物质，在调节葡萄糖内稳态和胰岛素作用方面发挥着重要作用。尽管有广泛的临床证据表明镁缺乏（MgD）与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）有关，但镁如何导致胰岛素抵抗（IR）的分子机制仍在讨论中。镁调节胰腺β细胞的电活动和胰岛素分泌。细胞内镁浓度对于胰岛素受体和靶细胞的其他下游信号激酶的磷酸化至关重要。低镁水平导致酪氨酸激酶活性缺陷、受体后胰岛素作用受损、细胞葡萄糖转运改变和细胞葡萄糖利用减少，从而促进 T2D 中的外周 IR。MgD 引发慢性全身炎症，也会加剧 IR。2 型糖尿病患者可能会陷入一个恶性循环，即 MgD 增加 IR，而 IR 又导致 MgD，这需要定期监测血清 Mg 水平。
