Głowniak Sylwia, Szczęśniak Barbara, Choma Jerzy, Jaroniec Mietek
Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, 00-908, Poland.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
Adv Mater. 2021 Dec;33(48):e2103477. doi: 10.1002/adma.202103477. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
Usually, porous materials are synthesized by using conventional electric heating, which can be energy- and time-consuming. Microwave heating is commonly used in many households to quickly heat food. Microwave ovens can also be used as powerful devices in the synthesis of various porous materials. The microwave-assisted synthesis offers a simple, fast, efficient, and economic way to obtain many of the advanced nanomaterials. This review summarizes the recent achievements in the microwave-assisted synthesis of diverse groups of nanoporous materials including silicas, carbons, metal-organic frameworks, and metal oxides. Microwave-assisted methods afford highly porous materials with high specific surface areas (SSAs), e.g., activated carbons with SSA ≈3100 m g , metal-organic frameworks with SSA ≈4200 m g , covalent organic frameworks with SSA ≈2900 m g , and metal oxides with relatively small SSA ≈300 m g . These methods are also successfully implemented for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silicas and carbons as well as spherically shaped nanomaterials. Most of the nanoporous materials obtained under microwave irradiation show potential applications in gas adsorption, water treatment, catalysis, energy storage, and drug delivery, among others.
通常，多孔材料是通过传统的电加热合成的，这可能既耗能又耗时。微波加热在许多家庭中普遍用于快速加热食物。微波炉也可以用作合成各种多孔材料的强大设备。微波辅助合成提供了一种简单、快速、高效且经济的方法来获得许多先进的纳米材料。本文综述了微波辅助合成包括二氧化硅、碳、金属有机框架和金属氧化物等不同组别的纳米多孔材料的最新成果。微波辅助方法可提供具有高比表面积（SSA）的高度多孔材料，例如，比表面积约为3100 m²/g的活性炭、比表面积约为4200 m²/g的金属有机框架、比表面积约为2900 m²/g的共价有机框架以及比表面积相对较小约为300 m²/g的金属氧化物。这些方法也成功用于制备有序介孔二氧化硅和碳以及球形纳米材料。在微波辐射下获得的大多数纳米多孔材料在气体吸附、水处理、催化、能量存储和药物递送等方面显示出潜在应用。
