Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas. R. André Cavalcanti 106, Centro. 20231-050 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
Casa Fluminense. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2021 Sep;26(9):4021-4032. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.05732021. Epub 2021 May 2.
This paper aims to evaluate gender and racial inequalities in the access and use of health services in Brazil Based on the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS). Its main objective is to understand how white, black, or brown men and women seek medical care in Primary Health Care, the gateway to the Brazilian health system. Analyses from a gender perspective show that cultural and social patterns affect individual actions and choices and mainly access to and use of health services. The results also show that men and women reproduce the expected gender behavior, socially and culturally constructed, which impacts their self-assessment of health status, care, and their exposure to the risk of disease and death. The intersectional analysis reveals that racial inequalities are aligned with those observed between men and women, exponentiating vulnerabilities for self-identified black or brown people, reflecting the structural socioeconomic inequalities of Brazilian society. In this context, the universality and integrality recommended in the Unified Health System contribute as a public policy to the guarantee of rights, equalization of opportunities, and adequate access to equal care.
本文旨在评估巴西在获取和使用卫生服务方面的性别和种族不平等现象。该研究基于 2019 年国家卫生调查（PNS）。其主要目的是了解白种人、黑种人或棕色人种的男性和女性如何在初级卫生保健中寻求医疗服务，初级卫生保健是巴西卫生系统的门户。从性别角度进行的分析表明，文化和社会模式会影响个人的行为和选择，主要是影响获取和使用卫生服务的情况。研究结果还表明，男性和女性再现了社会文化构建的预期性别行为，这会影响他们对健康状况、护理的自我评估，以及他们面临疾病和死亡风险的情况。交叉分析表明，种族不平等现象与男女之间观察到的不平等现象一致，凸显了自我认同为黑人或棕色人种的人的脆弱性，反映了巴西社会结构性的社会经济不平等现象。在这种情况下，全民医保系统所推荐的普遍性和综合性作为一项公共政策，有助于保障权利、机会均等以及获得平等护理的机会。
