Rovari Gustavo Henrique, Rezende Ana Clara do Patrocínio, Andreão Rafaella Dos Santos Chaves, Pereira Silvia Nazaré Braga, Ferreira Ana Lorena Lima, Hassan Bruna Kulik, Baltar Valéria Troncoso
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2025 Apr 11;41(3):e00071724. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XEN071724. eCollection 2025.
Lunch is an important meal in Brazil, with varying standards among different population groups. This study aims to determine the lunch dietary patterns of Brazilian adults and verify their association with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Data from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey were used, comprising 28,901 adults aged 19 to 59 years (excluding pregnant and lactating women). Food consumption was assessed via 24-hour recalls at the interviewee's home. A total of 1,832 food items were recorded, 1,120 of which were mentioned at lunch. Socioeconomic and demographic variables were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis, considering the complexity of the sample. The mean scores and 95% confidence intervals for each dietary pattern were estimated across all levels of socioeconomic and demographic variables. Considering the complexity of the sampling design, all analyses were performed using the statistical package SAS OnDemand for Academics. In total, 3.4% of Brazilian adults reported not having lunch. In total, three patterns explained 30.7% of lunch variability: traditional Brazilian; salads; and protein-based meal with desserts and beverages. Men, individuals with less schooling, those with lower income, and residents of the Central-West and Northeast regions adhered more to the traditional pattern. Fruits did not play an essential role in any pattern. Adherence to dietary patterns varied according to socioeconomic and demographic factors.
午餐在巴西是一顿重要的餐食，不同人群的标准各异。本研究旨在确定巴西成年人的午餐饮食模式，并验证其与社会经济和人口特征的关联。使用了巴西国家饮食调查的数据，该数据涵盖28901名19至59岁的成年人（不包括孕妇和哺乳期妇女）。通过在受访者家中进行24小时饮食回顾来评估食物消费情况。总共记录了1832种食物，其中1120种在午餐时被提及。社会经济和人口变量通过结构化问卷获得。考虑到样本的复杂性，通过因子分析得出饮食模式。在社会经济和人口变量的所有水平上估计每种饮食模式的平均得分和95%置信区间。考虑到抽样设计的复杂性，所有分析均使用学术版SAS OnDemand统计软件包进行。总共有3.4%的巴西成年人表示不吃午餐。总共三种模式解释了午餐变异性的30.7%：传统巴西模式；沙拉模式；以及包含甜点和饮料的蛋白质餐模式。男性、受教育程度较低者、低收入者以及中西部和东北部地区的居民更倾向于传统模式。水果在任何模式中都没有起到重要作用。对饮食模式的遵循因社会经济和人口因素而异。
