Xu Q, Wang J H, Zhang L L, Wang X Y, Li N, Jin C H, Wang X, Li X M, Shi X M, Wang L
Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Oct 2;59(10):841-846. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210322-00242.
To investigate the time and characteristics of screen exposure, to analyze the risk factors affecting screen exposure in children aged 3 years and younger, and to provide scientific basis for the intervention of screen exposure in children. The data were collected by convenience sampling from 317 children for routine examination aged 0-36 months who visited the Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 2019 to December 2020. Self-designed questionnaires of the screen exposure were completed by the parents. The basic information, home nurture environment and screen exposure conditions were investigated. Children <18 months of age who used electronic devices and 18-36 months of age who spent more than 1 h/d on electronic devices were defined as with screen exposure. The differences between <18 and 18-36 months of age were compared by rank sum test. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between screen exposure and potential influential factors. Among 317 children, 209 were boys and 108 girls, aged (28±10) months. There were 117 patients aged <18 months and 200 patients aged 18-36 months. Screen exposure time was 0.3 (0, 1.0) h/d and 1.2 (0.6, 2.0) h/d in children aged <18 months and aged 18-36 months, respectively (=-6.770, <0.01). The proportion of screen exposure was 25.6% (30/117) and 49.0% (98/200) in two age groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis disclosed that not being the first child (=3.81, 95%: 1.13-12.77, =0.030), caregivers spending >1 h/d on electronic devices in front of their children (=7.39, 95%: 2.24-24.46, =0.001), caregivers believing that screen exposure can promote early childhood development (=4.14, 95%: 1.26-13.52, =0.019) were risk factors for children's screen exposure in <18 months of age. Caregivers spending >1 h/d on electronic devices in front of their children (=3.29, 95%: 1.78-6.08, <0.01) was risk factor for children's screen exposure in 18-36 months of age. Mothers with bachelor's or higher degree (=0.19, 95%: 0.05-0.66, =0.009; =0.35, 95%: 0.19-0.66, =0.001), no television in living room (=0.11, 95%: 0.03-0.42, =0.001; =0.45, 95%: 0.21-0.98, =0.045) were protective factors for children's screen exposure in children <18 months and 18-36 months of age. Excessive screen exposure is common among children aged 3 years and younger. The exposure time increases with age, and is affected by several factors.
为了解3岁及以下儿童屏幕暴露的时间及特征，分析影响其屏幕暴露的危险因素，为儿童屏幕暴露干预提供科学依据。采用方便抽样的方法，收集2019年12月至2020年12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院儿童保健科进行常规体检的317例0～36月龄儿童的数据。由家长填写自行设计的屏幕暴露调查问卷，调查儿童基本信息、家庭养育环境及屏幕暴露情况。将使用电子设备的18月龄以下儿童及每天使用电子设备超过1 h的18～36月龄儿童定义为有屏幕暴露。采用秩和检验比较18月龄以下与18～36月龄儿童的差异，应用χ²检验及多因素Logistic回归分析屏幕暴露与相关影响因素的关系。317例儿童中，男209例，女108例，年龄（28±10）个月。其中18月龄以下117例，18～36月龄200例。18月龄以下儿童屏幕暴露时间为0.3（0，1.0）h/d，18～36月龄儿童为1.2（0.6，2.0）h/d（Z=-6.770，P<0.01）。两个年龄组屏幕暴露比例分别为25.6%（30/117）和49.0%（98/200）。Logistic回归分析显示，非头胎（β=3.81，95%CI：1.13～12.77，P=0.030）、照顾者每天在儿童面前使用电子设备超过1 h（β=7.39，95%CI：2.24～24.46，P=0.001）、照顾者认为屏幕暴露可促进儿童早期发育（β=4.14，95%CI：1.26～13.52，P=0.019）是18月龄以下儿童屏幕暴露的危险因素。照顾者每天在儿童面前使用电子设备超过1 h（β=3.29，95%CI：1.78～6.08，P<0.01）是18～36月龄儿童屏幕暴露的危险因素。母亲学历为本科及以上（β=0.19，95%CI：0.05～0.66，P=0.009；β=0.35，95%CI：0.19～0.66，P=0.001）、家中无电视（β=0.11，95%CI：0.03～0.42，P=0.001；β=0.45，95%CI：0.21～0.98，P=0.045）是18月龄以下及18～36月龄儿童屏幕暴露的保护因素。3岁及以下儿童过度屏幕暴露情况普遍，暴露时间随年龄增长而增加，且受多种因素影响。
