College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Malar J. 2021 Sep 29;20(1):388. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03920-x.
Female mosquitoes serve as vectors for a host of illnesses, including malaria, spread by the Plasmodium parasite. Despite monumental strides to reduce this disease burden through tools such as bed nets, the rate of these gains is slowing. Ongoing disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic may also negatively impact gains. The following scoping review was conducted to examine novel means of reversing this trend by exploring the efficacy of insecticide-treated window screens or eaves to reduce Anopheles mosquito bites, mosquito house entry, and density.
Two reviewers independently searched PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases on 10 July, 2020 for peer-reviewed studies using insecticide-treated screens or eaves in malaria-endemic countries. These articles were published in English between the years 2000-2020. Upon collection, the reports were stratified into categories of biting incidence and protective efficacy, mosquito entry and density, and mosquito mortality.
Thirteen out of 2180 articles were included in the final review. Eaves treated with beta-cyfluthrin, transfluthrin or bendiocarb insecticides were found to produce vast drops in blood-feeding, biting or mosquito prevalence. Transfluthrin-treated eaves were reported to have greater efficacy at reducing mosquito biting: Rates dropped by 100% both indoors and outdoors under eave ribbon treatments of 0.2% transfluthrin (95% CI 0.00-0.00; p < 0.001). Additionally, co-treating window screens and eaves with polyacrylate-binding agents and with pirimiphos-methyl has been shown to retain insecticidal potency after several washes, with a mosquito mortality rate of 94% after 20 washes (95% CI 0.74-0.98; p < 0.001).
The results from this scoping review suggest that there is value in implementing treated eave tubes or window screens. More data are needed to study the longevity of screens and household attitudes toward these interventions.
雌性蚊子是多种疾病的载体，包括疟疾，由疟原虫寄生虫传播。尽管通过蚊帐等工具取得了巨大进展来减轻这种疾病负担，但这些进展的速度正在放缓。与 COVID-19 大流行有关的持续干扰也可能对收益产生负面影响。进行了这项范围界定审查，以通过探索经杀虫剂处理的窗纱或屋檐来减少疟蚊叮咬、蚊子进入房屋和密度的功效，来扭转这种趋势。
两名审查员于 2020 年 7 月 10 日独立检索了 PubMed、Scopus 和 ProQuest 数据库，以查找在疟疾流行国家使用经杀虫剂处理的屏幕或屋檐的同行评审研究。这些文章发表于 2000 年至 2020 年期间，以英文发表。收集后，报告分为叮咬发生率和保护效力、蚊子进入和密度以及蚊子死亡率等类别。
在最终审查中纳入了 2180 篇文章中的 13 篇。结果发现，用 beta-氯氟氰菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯或丁烯基菊酯杀虫剂处理屋檐可显著降低吸血、叮咬或蚊子的流行率。据报道，用三氟甲醚菊酯处理的屋檐在减少蚊子叮咬方面更有效：在屋檐丝带处理 0.2%三氟甲醚菊酯时，室内和室外的叮咬率均下降 100%（95%CI 0.00-0.00；p<0.001）。此外，用聚丙烯酸结合剂和扑灭司林共同处理窗纱和屋檐可在多次洗涤后保持杀虫效力，洗涤 20 次后蚊子死亡率为 94%（95%CI 0.74-0.98；p<0.001）。
本范围界定审查的结果表明，实施经处理的屋檐管或窗纱具有价值。需要更多的数据来研究屏幕的耐久性以及家庭对这些干预措施的态度。
