Selenium Nanoparticles as an Innovative Selenium Fertilizer Exert Less Disturbance to Soil Microorganisms.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the human body. Se-enriched agricultural products, obtained by applying Se fertilizer, are important sources of Se supplement. However, Se fertilizer may cause a series of environmental problems. This study investigated the transformation of exogenous selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and selenite (SeO ) in soil and explored their effects on soil microbial community and typical microorganisms. SeNPs exhibited a slow-release effect in soil, which promoted the growth of soil microorganisms and enriched soil probiotics. SeO was converted to a stable and low toxic state in soil, increasing persistent free radicals and decreasing microbial abundance and diversity. The influences of SeNPs and SeO on two typical soil microorganisms ( sp. and ) were also evaluated, and SeNPs were more difficult to enter into microorganisms directly, with lower toxicity and higher safety. These results indicated that SeNPs were a more environment-friendly Se additive for agriculture applications. This work provides useful information for better understanding the environmental fate and behavior of Se fertilizer in the soil.