Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
Dis Markers. 2021 Sep 18;2021:9116502. doi: 10.1155/2021/9116502. eCollection 2021.
Affective disorders are the leading causes of human disability worldwide; however, the diagnosis is still hard to define, because emotion is the least study subjects in psychology. Recent emotional studies suggest that human emotions are developed from basic emotions, which are evolved for fundamental human lives. . In our previous papers, we suggested that there are three basic emotions: joy, fear, and disgust. . Further tests with event-related potentials (ERP) found that joy, fear, and disgust showed the fastest response compared with other emotions, suggesting that they are fast automatic responses, which confirmed that these three emotions are prototypical emotions. Other basic emotions, anger and sadness, are due to object induced behaviors instead of sensation of object, so they developed secondary to prototypical emotions. Thus, we concluded that only joy, fear, and disgust are prototypical emotions, which can mix into other emotions, like the primary colors. In all, the neural substrates for all emotions, including the affections, are possibly monoamine neuromodulators: joy-dopamine (peptides), fear (anger)-norepinephrine, and disgust-serotonin. We hope these basic emotional studies will offer some neural mechanisms for emotional processing and shed lights on the diagnosis of affective disorders.
情感障碍是全球导致人类残疾的主要原因；然而，诊断仍然难以定义，因为情感是心理学中研究最少的课题。最近的情感研究表明，人类情感是从基本情感发展而来的，这些基本情感是为人类的基本生活而进化的。在我们之前的论文中，我们提出了有三种基本情感：喜悦、恐惧和厌恶。进一步的事件相关电位 (ERP) 测试发现，喜悦、恐惧和厌恶与其他情感相比表现出最快的反应，这表明它们是快速的自动反应，这证实了这三种情感是典型情感。其他基本情感，如愤怒和悲伤，是由于对象诱导的行为而不是对对象的感觉，因此它们是在典型情感之后发展起来的。因此，我们得出结论，只有喜悦、恐惧和厌恶是典型情感，它们可以混合成其他情感，就像原色一样。总的来说，所有情感的神经基质，包括情感，可能都是单胺神经调质：喜悦-多巴胺（肽）、恐惧（愤怒）-去甲肾上腺素和厌恶-血清素。我们希望这些基本情感研究将为情感处理提供一些神经机制，并为情感障碍的诊断提供一些启示。
