Kim Seunghyo
Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022 Jan;65(1):10-20. doi: 10.3345/cep.2021.00248. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
The prevalence of developmental disabilities is increasing worldwide over time. Developmental issues in infancy or early childhood may cause learning difficulties or behavioral problem in school age, further adversely affecting adolescent quality of life, which finally lead to low socioeconomic status in family, increase in medical expenses, and other relevant issues in various ways. Early childhood has brain plasticity, which means there is a high chance of recovering from developmental issues by early detection and timely intervention. Pediatricians are placed an ideal position to meet with young children till 6 years of age, of which age range is the time applicable to early intervention. Determining child’s developmental status can be made by 2 pathways such as developmental surveillance and developmental screening tests. For better results, pediatricians should update their knowledge about developmental issues, risk factors, and screening techniques through varying educational program or other relevant educating materials. This paper will update reports on the prevalence of developmental disabilities and review the recent results of the Korean developmental screening test and discuss relevant issues. Finally, it will be addressed the pediatrician’s role in early detecting developmental issues and timely intervention.
随着时间的推移，发育障碍在全球的患病率正在上升。婴儿期或幼儿期的发育问题可能会导致学龄期的学习困难或行为问题，进而对青少年的生活质量产生不利影响，最终以各种方式导致家庭社会经济地位低下、医疗费用增加以及其他相关问题。幼儿期具有脑可塑性，这意味着通过早期发现和及时干预，从发育问题中恢复的机会很大。儿科医生处于与6岁以下幼儿接触的理想位置，这个年龄段适用于早期干预。确定儿童的发育状况可以通过发育监测和发育筛查测试这两种途径。为了取得更好的效果，儿科医生应通过各种教育项目或其他相关教育材料更新他们关于发育问题、风险因素和筛查技术的知识。本文将更新发育障碍患病率的报告，回顾韩国发育筛查测试的最新结果，并讨论相关问题。最后，将阐述儿科医生在早期发现发育问题和及时干预方面的作用。
