Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Graduate Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020, Turkey.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Sep 20;2021:1987588. doi: 10.1155/2021/1987588. eCollection 2021.
Luteolin is a naturally occurring secondary metabolite belonging to the class of flavones. As many other natural flavonoids, it is often found in combination with glycosides in many fruits, vegetables, and plants, contributing to their biological and pharmacological value. Many preclinical studies report that luteolin present excellent antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects, and as a consequence, various clinical trials have been designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of luteolin in humans. However, luteolin has a very limited bioavailability, which consequently affects its biological properties and efficacy. Several drug delivery strategies have been developed to raise its bioavailability, with nanoformulations and lipid carriers, such as liposomes, being the most intensively explored. Pharmacological potential of luteolin in various disorders has also been underlined, but to some of them, the exact mechanism is still poorly understood. Given the great potential of this natural antioxidant in health, this review is aimed at providing an extensive overview on the pharmacological action of luteolin and at stressing the main features related to its bioavailability, absorption, and metabolism, while essential steps determine its absolute health benefits and safety profiles. In addition, despite the scarcity of studies on luteolin bioavailability, the different drug delivery formulations developed to increase its bioavailability are also listed here.
木犀草素是一种天然存在的次生代谢物，属于黄酮类。与许多其他天然类黄酮一样，它通常与许多水果、蔬菜和植物中的糖苷结合存在，这使其具有生物和药理学价值。许多临床前研究报告称，木犀草素具有出色的抗氧化、抗癌、抗菌、神经保护、心脏保护、抗病毒和抗炎作用，因此，已经设计了各种临床试验来研究木犀草素在人类中的治疗潜力。然而，木犀草素的生物利用度非常有限，这会影响其生物特性和功效。已经开发了几种药物传递策略来提高其生物利用度，其中纳米制剂和脂质载体（如脂质体）是研究最深入的。木犀草素在各种疾病中的药理作用也得到了强调，但对于其中一些疾病，其确切机制仍知之甚少。鉴于这种天然抗氧化剂在健康方面的巨大潜力，本综述旨在提供木犀草素的药理学作用的广泛概述，并强调与其生物利用度、吸收和代谢相关的主要特征，而决定其绝对健康益处和安全性的关键步骤。此外，尽管关于木犀草素生物利用度的研究很少，但此处也列出了为提高其生物利用度而开发的不同药物传递制剂。
