CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 10;807(Pt 2):150679. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150679. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
The application of nanomaterials in agriculture is deemed as a promising strategy to increase the sector's sustainability. Nanopesticides are expected to improve solutions for pest/disease management, while reducing adverse effects to ecosystems, in accordance with the European Green Deal strategy. Hitherto, nanopesticide research has mostly focused on assessing effects to target species or crops, and less attention has been devoted to non-target soil species. In this study, we explored whether three copper hydroxide-based forms (nano and non-nano) show different toxicity and accumulation patterns in two terrestrial invertebrates, the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus and the mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. Toxicity and bioaccumulation experiments were performed and time-course toxicity and toxicokinetics analyzed and modelled. We found important differences in copper sensitivity and accumulation: T. molitor was more resistant and able to eliminate copper compared to P. pruinosus. The nanopesticide mostly elicited lower effects for both species. Slower toxicokinetics by the nanopesticide and lower bioaccumulative potential to P. pruinosus must be partially responsible for the differences in toxicity. Although no toxicokinetics differences were found in T. molitor between Cu forms, distinct negative effects on growth must reflect different energetic costs for copper regulation. Even though effects on toxicity and bioaccumulation are species-specific, copper hydroxide-based nanopesticides may cause less adverse effects to soil organisms than conventional products, being a good solution for reducing the environmental impact. CAPSULE: Copper hydroxide-based nanopesticide was less toxic and bioaccumulative to soil organisms than conventional copper hydroxide products, being a good solution for reducing the environmental impact.
纳米材料在农业中的应用被认为是提高该领域可持续性的一种有前途的策略。根据欧洲绿色协议战略，纳米农药有望改善病虫害管理解决方案，同时减少对生态系统的不利影响。迄今为止，纳米农药的研究主要集中在评估对目标物种或作物的影响上，而对非目标土壤物种的关注较少。在这项研究中，我们探讨了三种基于氢氧化铜的形式（纳米和非纳米）是否在两种陆生无脊椎动物，即球鼠妇 Porcellionides pruinosus 和粉虫幼虫 Tenebrio molitor 中表现出不同的毒性和积累模式。进行了毒性和生物积累实验，并分析和模拟了时间过程毒性和毒代动力学。我们发现铜敏感性和积累存在重要差异：T. molitor 比 P. pruinosus 更具抗性，能够消除铜。与传统农药相比，纳米农药对这两种生物的影响更小。纳米农药较慢的毒代动力学和对 P. pruinosus 的较低生物累积潜力部分导致了毒性的差异。尽管在 T. molitor 中未发现 Cu 形式之间的毒代动力学差异，但对生长的明显负面影响必须反映出铜调节的不同能量成本。尽管毒性和生物积累的影响具有物种特异性，但基于氢氧化铜的纳米农药对土壤生物的毒性和生物累积可能比传统产品小，是减少环境影响的一个很好的解决方案。总结：基于氢氧化铜的纳米农药对土壤生物的毒性和生物累积比传统的氢氧化铜产品小，是减少环境影响的一个很好的解决方案。
