National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China.
National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 2):150646. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150646. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
The accumulation of heavy metals in soil may introduce them to the food chain and cause health risks for humans. In the present study, 43 pairs of soil and grape samples (leaf and fruit) were collected form vineyards in the suburbs of Kaifeng city (wastewater-irrigated area in Henan Province, China) to assess the heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni) pollution level in soil, heavy metal accumulation in different grape tissues and the potential health risk via consumption of grapes. The results showed that the average contents of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni in vineyard soil were 42.27, 3.08, 62.33, 262.54 and 26.60 mg/kg, respectively. Some of these soil samples were severely contaminated with Cd and Zn, with an average pollution index (P) of 5.14 and 0.88, respectively. Most of these soil samples were severely polluted by heavy metals, with an average Nemerow integrated pollution index (P) of 3.77. The bioavailable heavy metals were negatively correlated with soil pH and positively correlated with soil organic matter (OM). In addition, heavy metals were more likely to accumulate in grape leaves, and their contents in grape pulp were all within the maximum permissible limit set by China (GB 2762-2017). The average bioaccumulation factors (BFs) of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni in grape pulp were 0.007, 0.096, 0.160, 0.078 and 0.023, respectively. Health risk assessment indicated that there was no noncarcinogenic risk for grape consumers (adults and children). However, the carcinogenic risk (CR) ranged from 4.95 × 10 to 2.17 × 10, and the CR value of three grape samples was higher than 10, indicating that a probability of carcinogenic disease existed for humans who regularly consumed the grapes from this region.
土壤中重金属的积累可能会将其引入食物链，并对人类健康造成风险。在本研究中，从河南省开封市郊区（河南省污水灌溉区）的葡萄园采集了 43 对土壤和葡萄样品（叶和果），以评估土壤中重金属（Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn 和 Ni）污染水平、不同葡萄组织中重金属的积累以及通过食用葡萄可能带来的潜在健康风险。结果表明，葡萄园土壤中 Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn 和 Ni 的平均含量分别为 42.27、3.08、62.33、262.54 和 26.60mg/kg。部分土壤样品中 Cd 和 Zn 严重污染，平均污染指数（P）分别为 5.14 和 0.88。大部分土壤样品受到重金属的严重污染，平均 Nemerow 综合污染指数（P）为 3.77。生物可利用重金属与土壤 pH 呈负相关，与土壤有机质（OM）呈正相关。此外，重金属更易在葡萄叶中积累，其在葡萄果肉中的含量均在中国（GB 2762-2017）规定的最大允许限量范围内。Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn 和 Ni 在葡萄果肉中的平均生物累积系数（BFs）分别为 0.007、0.096、0.160、0.078 和 0.023。健康风险评估表明，葡萄消费者（成人和儿童）不存在非致癌风险。然而，致癌风险（CR）范围为 4.95×10-4 至 2.17×10-4，三个葡萄样品的 CR 值均高于 10，表明该地区定期食用这些葡萄的人群存在致癌疾病的可能性。
