SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Biopharmaceutics unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western-Campus, Uganda.
SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 10;807(Pt 2):150706. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150706. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
Reports of vibriosis and other related gastrointestinal infections have remained a recurring concern in the diverse global continent. The safety of drinking surface water and associated environmental pollution has remained a public health concern in limited resource sittings. Seen in this light, we report the antibiogram signatures of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in the South-Western districts of Uganda. Surface water samples were collected for four months for Vibrio species isolation in four districts (Bushenyi-B, Mitooma-M, Rubirizi-R, and Sheema-S) using bacteria culture procedures, disc diffusion and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Isolates were characterised, and the antibiotic fingerprints were determined using PCR and nine selected antibiotics in routine use. A total of 392 Vibrio species were confirmed from the various districts (B: 172, M: 79. R: 60, S: 81), with 163 (94.77%) resistant to colistin (polymixin), 145 (84.3%) resistant to cefotaxime, 127 (73.84%) resistant to azithromycin, and 33 (19.19%) resistant to chloramphenicol among Bushenyi isolates. A similar high resistance to fluoroquinolones and carbapenem antibiotics were also recorded in other districts of the study area. A complete multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype ((M)ARPs) to the applied antibiotics (A-CTX-CXM-MEM-ATH-K-TM-C-PB-NI-CIP-NA) were also recorded among some isolates, which produced multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of 1, suggesting a high-risk source of contamination due to the usage of several antibiotics. The PCR reports also confirm ampC gene {20 (10.9%)}, beta-lactamase TEM gene (blaTEM2), {30 (10%)} and dihydropteroate synthase type-1 and 11 gene (sul 1 & 11) {16 (8%)}. The results present an implicated environmental pollution problem and a potential concern to public health, therefore there is the need for control of such infectious bacteria and environmental pollution monitoring. Hence, it is recommended various approaches crucial to monitoring of emerging trends in drug resistance at the local and international levels.
弧菌病和其他相关胃肠道感染的报告仍然是全球不同地区反复出现的问题。在资源有限的情况下，饮用水的安全性和相关的环境污染仍然是公共卫生关注的问题。有鉴于此，我们报告了从乌干达西南部地区地表水分离的霍乱弧菌的抗生素图谱特征。使用细菌培养程序、圆盘扩散和聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 技术，在四个月内从四个地区（布森伊-B、米托马-M、鲁比里齐-R 和希马-S）采集地表水样本以分离霍乱弧菌。使用 PCR 和常规使用的九种选定抗生素对分离物进行了特征描述和抗生素指纹图谱的确定。从各个地区共确认了 392 株霍乱弧菌（B：172，M：79，R：60，S：81），其中 163 株（94.77%）对多粘菌素（polymixin）耐药，145 株（84.3%）对头孢噻肟耐药，127 株（73.84%）对阿奇霉素耐药，33 株（19.19%）对氯霉素耐药。在研究区域的其他地区也记录了类似的对氟喹诺酮类和碳青霉烯类抗生素的高耐药性。一些分离株也对应用抗生素（A-CTX-CXM-MEM-ATH-K-TM-C-PB-NI-CIP-NA）表现出完全的多重抗生素耐药表型（（M）ARPs），产生的抗生素耐药指数为 1，这表明由于使用了多种抗生素，存在高污染风险源。PCR 报告还证实了 ampC 基因{20（10.9%）}、β-内酰胺酶 TEM 基因（blaTEM2）{30（10%）}和二氢喋呤合成酶 1 型和 11 型基因（sul 1 & 11）{16（8%）}。结果表明存在环境污染问题和对公共卫生的潜在威胁，因此需要控制此类感染性细菌并进行环境监测。因此，建议采取各种方法，对地方和国际层面的耐药性新趋势进行监测至关重要。
