Ravari Ali, Mirzaei Tayebeh, Hosieni Fatemeh, Hassanshahi Elham
Deptartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2021 Oct;9(4):289-299. doi: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2021.88217.1497.
Mental health promotion programs in the elderly are important. The main objective of the present study was to compare the effects of cognitive therapy and logotherapy on the general health of elderly people who referred to health centers.
This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design using a control group. A sample of 90 elderly people was recruited from health centers located in Rafsanjan, between April 2017 and June 2017. 30 participants were considered in each group, separately (cognitive therapy (N=30), logotherapy (N=30), and control (N=30)). Cognitive therapy and logotherapy programs were implemented in eight 90-minute sessions, while people in the control group received neither cognitive therapy nor logotherapy. The demographic questionnaire was used at baseline. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used in two steps of pre-test and post-test. The study data were analyzed through independent t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and the Tukey's post hoc tests; SPSS 18 was used to analyze the data, and P<0.05 was considered as significant.
The mean GHQ-28 total scores before the intervention in the cognitive therapy and logotherapy groups and control group were 52.53±2.55, 52.63±5.64, and 52.26±4.09, respectively, which were not significantly different (P=0.94). However, after the intervention these scores were 41.60±3.31, 40.46±3.97 and 51.93±4.22, respectively, and the difference between the two intervention groups and control group was statistically significant (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two intervention groups (P=0.49).
Group cognitive therapy is as effective as logotherapy in improving the elderly people's general health.
老年人心理健康促进项目很重要。本研究的主要目的是比较认知疗法和存在主义心理治疗对前往健康中心的老年人总体健康状况的影响。
这是一项采用对照组的前测-后测设计的准实验研究。2017年4月至2017年6月期间，从位于拉夫桑詹的健康中心招募了90名老年人作为样本。每组分别有30名参与者（认知疗法组（N = 30）、存在主义心理治疗组（N = 30）和对照组（N = 30））。认知疗法和存在主义心理治疗项目通过八个90分钟的疗程实施，而对照组的人既未接受认知疗法也未接受存在主义心理治疗。在基线时使用人口统计学问卷。在预测试和后测试两个阶段使用28项一般健康问卷（GHQ - 28）。通过独立t检验、卡方检验、单因素方差分析和图基事后检验对研究数据进行分析；使用SPSS 18分析数据，P < 0.05被视为具有统计学意义。
认知疗法组、存在主义心理治疗组和对照组在干预前的GHQ - 28总分均值分别为52.53±2.55、52.63±5.64和52.26±4.09，差异无统计学意义（P = 0.94）。然而，干预后这些分数分别为41.60±3.31、40.46±3.97和51.93±4.22，两个干预组与对照组之间的差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。两个干预组之间无显著差异（P = 0.49）。
团体认知疗法在改善老年人总体健康方面与存在主义心理治疗同样有效。
