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在冷水浸泡(<5°C)期间,比较休闲潜水者穿着干式或湿式潜水服所提供的绝缘效果。

Comparison of insulation provided by dry or wetsuits among recreational divers during cold water immersion (< 5°C).

机构信息

DAN Europe Research Division.

Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

出版信息

Int Marit Health. 2021;72(3):217-222. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2021.0040.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Divers thermal status influences susceptibility to decompression sickness hence the need for proper insulation during immersion in cold water. However, there is a lack of data on thermal protection provided by diving suits, hence this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Two different groups of divers wearing either a wetsuit (n = 15) or a dry suit (n = 15) volunteered for this study. Anthropometric data and dive experience were recorded; skin temperatures at the cervical-supraclavicular (C-SC) area and hands were assessed through high-resolution thermal infrared imaging taken pre- and post-dive.

RESULTS

As far as anthropometrics, pre-dive C-SC temperatures (37.0 ± 0.4°C), depth (dry: 43 ± 4.6 mfw vs. wet: 40.3 ± 4.0 mfw) and water temperature exposure (4.3°C) are concerned, both groups were comparable. Total dive time was slightly longer for dry suit divers (39.6 ± 4.0 min vs. 36.5 ± 4.1 min, p = 0.049). Post-dive, C-SC temperature was increased in dry suit divers by 0.6 ± 0.6°C, and significantly decreased in wetsuit divers by 0.8 ± 0.6°C. The difference between groups was highly significant (dry: 37.5 ± 0.7°C vs. wet: 36.2 ± 0.7°C, p = 0.004). Hand's temperature decreased significantly in both groups (dry: 30.3 ± 1.2°C vs. wet: 29.8 ± 0.8°C, p = 0.33). Difference between groups was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Medium-duration immersion in cold water (< 5°C), of healthy and fully protected subjects was well tolerated. It was demonstrated that proper insulation based on a three-layer strategy allows maintaining or even slightly improve thermal balance. However, from an operational point of view, skin extremities are not preserved.

摘要

背景

潜水员的热状态会影响减压病的易感性,因此在冷水浸泡时需要适当的绝缘。然而,潜水服提供的热保护数据缺乏,因此进行了这项研究。

材料和方法

两组不同的潜水员分别穿着湿式潜水服(n=15)或干式潜水服(n=15)自愿参加了这项研究。记录了人体测量数据和潜水经验;通过潜水前后进行的高分辨率热红外成像评估颈锁骨(C-SC)区域和手部的皮肤温度。

结果

就人体测量而言,两组潜水员的预潜水 C-SC 温度(37.0±0.4°C)、深度(干式:43±4.6 mfw 与湿式:40.3±4.0 mfw)和水暴露温度(4.3°C)均相当。干式潜水服潜水员的总潜水时间略长(39.6±4.0 min 与 36.5±4.1 min,p=0.049)。潜水后,干式潜水服潜水员的 C-SC 温度升高了 0.6±0.6°C,而湿式潜水服潜水员的 C-SC 温度则显著下降了 0.8±0.6°C。两组之间的差异具有高度显著性(干式:37.5±0.7°C 与湿式:36.2±0.7°C,p=0.004)。两组的手部温度均显著下降(干式:30.3±1.2°C 与湿式:29.8±0.8°C,p=0.33)。两组之间的差异无显著性。

结论

健康且完全受保护的个体在冷水(<5°C)中进行中等时间的浸泡是可以耐受的。研究表明,基于三层策略的适当绝缘可以维持甚至略微改善热平衡。然而,从操作的角度来看,皮肤的末梢并没有得到保护。

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