van Emous R A, Kemp C, van Meerveld J, Lesuisse J
Department of Animal Nutrition, Wageningen Livestock Research, NL-6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Aviagen Ltd, Newbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH28 8SZ.
Poult Sci. 2024 Dec;103(12):104336. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104336. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
This study examined the effects of different feeding strategies (diluted diets and feeding frequency) on the behavior and performance of broiler breeder pullets. A total of 3,200 1-day-old female pullets (Ross 308) were randomly distributed over 16 floor pens in 4 rooms and allocated to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) control diet once a day (CON), (2) 20% diluted diet once a day (20-ON), (3) 20% diluted diet twice a day (20-TW), and (4) 30% diluted diet twice a day (30-TW). All the pullets of the different treatments were fed to the same body weight (BW) profile. The 30-TW pullets had the highest and the CON pullets the lowest feed intake, with the 20-ON and 20-TW pullets showing intermediate values. Total water intake was the highest for the 30-TW pullets, followed by the 20-TW and 20-ON pullets, and was the lowest for the CON pullets (P < 0.001). The pullets fed twice a day had the highest total water-to-feed ratio, and the pullets fed once a day had the lowest ratio (P = 0.003). Feeding pullets twice a day yielded the highest average BW uniformity, while the pullets fed once a day had the lowest BW uniformity (P = 0.003). Total mortality was lower in the 20-TW and 30-TW pullets than in the 20-ON pullets, which was primarily caused by fewer dead and graded pullets. The pullets fed twice a day showed overall more eating, more drinking and less sitting, object pecking, and aggressive pecking. The behavior pattern during the daylight period was different for the pullets fed twice a day. Pullets on the diluted feeding strategies were less eager to approach the novel feeder and ate less feed (P = 0.002). In conclusion, feeding pullets with adjusted feeding strategies (feeding twice a day and up to 30% diluted diets) resulted in improved behavior and welfare expressed in decreased stereotypic pecking behavior, and lower eagerness to approach the novel feeder with lower feed intake, with improved BW uniformity and decreased mortality.
本研究考察了不同饲喂策略（稀释日粮和饲喂频率）对肉种鸡小母鸡行为和生产性能的影响。总共3200只1日龄雌性小母鸡（罗斯308）被随机分配到4个房间的16个地面围栏中，并分为4种处理中的1种：（1）每天喂一次对照日粮（CON），（2）每天喂一次20%稀释日粮（20-ON），（3）每天喂两次20%稀释日粮（20-TW），以及（4）每天喂两次30%稀释日粮（30-TW）。不同处理的所有小母鸡均被饲喂至相同的体重曲线。30-TW组小母鸡的采食量最高，CON组最低，20-ON组和20-TW组小母鸡的采食量处于中间值。30-TW组小母鸡的总饮水量最高，其次是20-TW组和20-ON组，CON组最低（P<0.001）。每天喂两次的小母鸡总水料比最高，每天喂一次的小母鸡总水料比最低（P = 0.003）。每天喂两次小母鸡的平均体重均匀度最高，而每天喂一次的小母鸡体重均匀度最低（P = 0.003）。20-TW组和30-TW组小母鸡的总死亡率低于20-ON组，这主要是由于死亡和被分级的小母鸡较少。每天喂两次的小母鸡总体上采食更多、饮水更多、静卧更少、啄物和攻击性啄斗更少。每天喂两次的小母鸡在白天的行为模式有所不同。采用稀释饲喂策略的小母鸡不太急于接近新的喂食器，采食量也较少（P = 0.002）。总之，采用调整后的饲喂策略（每天喂两次且日粮稀释至30%）饲喂小母鸡，可改善其行为和福利，表现为刻板啄斗行为减少，接近新喂食器的急切程度降低且采食量减少，体重均匀度提高，死亡率降低。
