Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Germany.
IGES Institute Berlin, Germany.
Br J Health Psychol. 2022 May;27(2):571-587. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12563. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
For most populations, implementation intentions (IIs) facilitate physical activity (PA). However, for older adults, previous studies found mixed evidence for the effectiveness of this behaviour change technique. To examine which characteristics of IIs predict successful enactment, the content of older participants' IIs formed within a self-regulatory intervention to prompt PA was analysed.
A sample of N = 126 German speaking adults aged 64 and older formed up to six IIs for PA and reported their enactment 5 weeks later.
Controlling for age and sex, multilevel models tested associations between characteristics of IIs (e.g., chronological rank of II, hetero- and homogeneity, specificity, presence of certain cues) and enactment.
Significantly related to enactment were: the chronological rank of an II (first IIs superior to last IIs), greater heterogeneity in activities, greater specificity of when-cues, and greater use of pre-existing routines.
Participants were more likely to enact their IIs 5 weeks later if they planned different (heterogeneous) activities, created IIs with more specific when-cues (e.g., on Monday at 9 am), and in particular a routine (e.g., after breakfast). They also enacted the first three IIs (chronological rank of II) more often than the last three IIs. Future experimental studies should test whether providing instructions to create IIs based on the above significant characteristics lead to more effective health behaviour change among older adults.
对于大多数人群来说，实施意向（II）有助于促进身体活动（PA）。然而，对于老年人来说，之前的研究对这种行为改变技术的有效性存在混合证据。为了研究 II 的哪些特征可以预测成功实施，分析了一项旨在促进 PA 的自我调节干预措施中老年人制定的 II 的内容。
一个由 N=126 名讲德语、年龄在 64 岁及以上的成年人组成的样本为 PA 制定了最多六个 II，并在 5 周后报告了他们的实施情况。
在控制年龄和性别的情况下，多层次模型测试了 II 的特征（例如，II 的时间顺序、异质和同质性、特异性、存在某些提示）与实施之间的关联。
与实施显著相关的是：II 的时间顺序（第一个 II 优于最后一个 II）、活动的异质性更大、时提示的特异性更大、以及更多地使用预先存在的常规。
如果参与者计划不同（异质）的活动、为具有更具体时提示（例如，星期一上午 9 点）的 II 制定计划，特别是常规（例如，早餐后），那么他们更有可能在 5 周后实施他们的 II。未来的实验研究应该测试，根据上述显著特征提供制定 II 的指导，是否会导致老年人更有效的健康行为改变。
