Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
Neurosci Bull. 2021 Dec;37(12):1718-1734. doi: 10.1007/s12264-021-00781-x. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular modulatory technique for the noninvasive diagnosis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Unfortunately, current modulation strategies are only modestly effective. The literature provides strong evidence that the modulatory effects of TMS vary depending on device components and stimulation protocols. These differential effects are important when designing precise modulatory strategies for clinical or research applications. Developments in TMS have been accompanied by advances in combining TMS with neuroimaging techniques, including electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Such studies appear particularly promising as they may not only allow us to probe affected brain areas during TMS but also seem to predict underlying research directions that may enable us to precisely target and remodel impaired cortices or circuits. However, few precise modulation strategies are available, and the long-term safety and efficacy of these strategies need to be confirmed. Here, we review the literature on possible technologies for precise modulation to highlight progress along with limitations with the goal of suggesting future directions for this field.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种用于神经和精神疾病的非侵入性诊断和治疗的流行调制技术。不幸的是，目前的调制策略效果仅适度。文献提供了强有力的证据表明，TMS 的调制效果取决于设备组件和刺激方案。在为临床或研究应用设计精确的调制策略时，这些差异很重要。TMS 的发展伴随着与神经影像学技术的结合的进步，包括脑电图、近红外功能光谱、功能磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描。这些研究似乎特别有前途，因为它们不仅可以使我们在 TMS 期间探测受影响的大脑区域，而且似乎还可以预测潜在的研究方向，这些方向可能使我们能够精确地靶向和重塑受损的皮质或回路。然而，可用的精确调制策略很少，这些策略的长期安全性和有效性需要得到证实。在这里，我们回顾了关于精确调制的可能技术的文献，以突出进展和局限性，旨在为该领域提出未来的方向。
