Soler-Font Mercè, Ramada José Maria, Merelles Antoni, Amat Anna, de la Flor Carmen, Martínez Olga, Palma-Vasquez Claudia, Sancho Consuelo, Peña Pilar, Bültmann Ute, van Zon Sander K R, Serra Consol
Center for Research in Occupational Health, University Pompeu Fabra/ IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
BMC Nurs. 2021 Oct 6;20(1):189. doi: 10.1186/s12912-021-00716-x.
INTEVAL_Spain was a complex workplace intervention to prevent and manage musculoskeletal pain among nursing staff. Process evaluations can be especially useful for complex and multifaceted interventions through identifying the success or failure factors of an intervention to improve the intervention implementation.
This study performed a process evaluation of INTEVAL_Spain and aimed to examine whether the intervention was conducted according to the protocol, to investigate the fulfilment of expectations and the satisfaction of workers.
The intervention was a two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial and lasted 1 year. The process evaluation included quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods were used to address the indicators of Steckler and Linnan's framework. Data on recruitment was collected through a baseline questionnaire for the intervention and the control group. Reach and dose received were collected through participation sheets, dose delivered and fidelity through internal registries, and fulfilment of expectations and satisfaction were collected with two questions at 12-months follow-up. Qualitative methods were used for a content analysis of discussion groups at the end of the intervention led by an external moderator to explore satisfaction and recommendations. The general communication and activities were discussed, and final recommendations were agreed on. Data were synthesized and results were reported thematically.
The study was performed in two Spanish hospitals during 2016-2017 and 257 workers participated. Recruitment was 62 and 51% for the intervention and the control group, respectively. The reach of the activities ranged from 96% for participatory ergonomics to 5% for healthy diet. The number of sessions offered ranged from 60 sessions for Nordic walking to one session for healthy diet. Fidelity of workers ranged from 100% for healthy diet and 79% for participatory ergonomics, to 42 and 39% for Nordic walking and case management, respectively. Lowest fidelity of providers was 75% for case management and 82% for Nordic walking. Fulfilment of expectations and satisfaction ranged from 6.6/10 and 7.6/10, respectively, for case management to 10/10 together for the healthy diet session. Discussion groups revealed several limitations for most of the activities, mainly focused on a lack of communication between the Champion (coordinator) and the workers.
This process evaluation showed that the implementation of INTEVAL_Spain was predominantly carried out as intended. Process indicators differed depending on the activity. Several recommendations to improve the intervention implementation process are proposed.
ISRCTN15780649 .
INTEVAL_Spain是一项旨在预防和管理护理人员肌肉骨骼疼痛的复杂工作场所干预措施。过程评估对于复杂且多方面的干预措施尤为有用，它能通过识别干预措施的成败因素来改进干预措施的实施。
本研究对INTEVAL_Spain进行了过程评估，旨在检查干预措施是否按照方案实施，调查期望的达成情况以及工作人员的满意度。
该干预措施是一项双臂整群随机对照试验，持续1年。过程评估包括定量和定性方法。定量方法用于处理Steckler和Linnan框架的指标。通过干预组和对照组的基线问卷收集招募数据。通过参与表收集覆盖范围和接受的剂量，通过内部登记册收集提供的剂量和保真度，在12个月随访时通过两个问题收集期望的达成情况和满意度。定性方法用于对由外部主持人在干预结束时主持的讨论组进行内容分析，以探讨满意度和建议。讨论了总体沟通和活动情况，并就最终建议达成一致。对数据进行综合分析，并按主题报告结果。
该研究于2016 - 2017年在两家西班牙医院进行，257名工作人员参与。干预组和对照组的招募率分别为62%和51%。活动的覆盖范围从参与式人体工程学的96%到健康饮食的5%不等。提供的课程数量从北欧健走的60节到健康饮食的1节不等。工作人员的保真度从健康饮食的100%、参与式人体工程学的79%，到北欧健走和病例管理的42%和39%不等。提供者最低的保真度是病例管理的75%和北欧健走的82%。期望的达成情况和满意度分别从病例管理的6.6/10和7.6/10到健康饮食课程的共同10/10不等。讨论组揭示了大多数活动存在的几个局限性，主要集中在倡导者（协调员）与工作人员之间缺乏沟通。
该过程评估表明，INTEVAL_Spain的实施主要按计划进行。过程指标因活动而异。提出了一些改进干预实施过程的建议。
ISRCTN15780649 。
