Li Yingjie, Liu Yang, Wu Jiangnan, Chen Qiuhong, Zhou Qiang, Wu Fali, Zhang Ruinan, Fang Zhengfeng, Lin Yan, Xu Shengyu, Feng Bin, Zhuo Yong, Wu De, Che Lianqiang
Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2021 Oct 7;12(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s40104-021-00625-8.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder (MK) and fish meal (FM) by enzymatic soybean (ESB) in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets.
A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95 ± 0.46 kg, were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d. Piglets were offered iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows: CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources, ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK, ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM, and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM.
No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments (P > 0.05). However, piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index (P<0.01), and lower digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) or crude protein (CP), relative to piglets fed CON diet (P < 0.01). Moreover, the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid (BA) (P<0.01). The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity, and the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria, such as g_Peptococcus, g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter.
The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets, but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index, which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria. However, piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters, indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.
本研究的目的是评估日粮中酶解大豆（ESB）替代奶粉（MK）和鱼粉（FM）对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫参数、短链脂肪酸产生及肠道微生物群的影响。
选取128头初始体重为6.95±0.46 kg的仔猪，随机分为4组日粮处理，每组8个重复，每个重复4头仔猪，试验期为14天。给仔猪提供等氮和等能量日粮如下：以MK和FM作为优质蛋白质来源的对照日粮（CON），ESB替代MK的ESB加FM日粮，ESB替代FM的ESB加MK日粮，以及ESB替代MK和FM的ESB日粮。
各处理间生长性能无显著差异（P>0.05）。然而，与饲喂CON日粮的仔猪相比，饲喂ESB加FM或ESB日粮的仔猪腹泻指数升高（P<0.01），干物质（DM）、总能（GE）或粗蛋白（CP）的消化率较低（P<0.01）。此外，日粮中添加ESB显著降低了血浆中HPT的浓度和粪便中丁酸（BA）的浓度（P<0.01）。肠道微生物群16S rRNA基因V3-V4区域的高通量测序显示，日粮中添加ESB增加了α多样性，线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）表明，饲喂ESB加FM或ESB日粮的仔猪含有更多的肠道病原菌，如g_消化球菌、g_韦荣球菌和g_幽门螺杆菌。
日粮中添加ESB对仔猪生长性能无显著影响，但ESB替代MK或同时替代MK和FM会增加腹泻指数，这可能与营养物质消化率降低和肠道病原菌增多有关。然而，用ESB替代FM饲喂仔猪对肠道健康相关参数无显著影响，表明ESB在断奶日粮中替代FM具有潜力。
