State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China.
School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China.
Front Public Health. 2021 Sep 20;9:725648. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.725648. eCollection 2021.
Lack of quantification of direct and indirect exposure of ophthalmologists during ophthalmic diagnostic process makes it hard to estimate the infectious risk of aerosol pathogen faced by ophthalmologists at working environment. Accurate numerical models of thermal manikins and computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to investigate direct (droplet inhalation and mucosal deposition) and indirect exposure (droplets on working equipment) within a half-minute procedure. Three ophthalmic examination or treatment scenarios (direct ophthalmoscopic examination, slit-lamp microscopic examination, and ophthalmic operation) were selected as typical exposure distance, two breathing modes (normal breathing and coughing), three levels of ambient (40, 70, and 95%) and three initial droplet sizes (50, 70, and 100 μm) were considered as common working environmental condition. The exposure of an ophthalmologist to a patient's expiratory droplets during a direct ophthalmoscopic examination was found to be 95 times that of a person during normal interpersonal interaction at a distance of 1 m and 12.1, 8.8, and 9.7 times that of an ophthalmologist during a slit-lamp microscopic examination, a surgeon during an ophthalmic operation and an assistant during an ophthalmic operation, respectively. The ophthalmologist's direct exposure to droplets when the patient cough-exhaled was ~7.6 times that when the patient breath-exhaled. Compared with high indoor , direct droplet exposure was higher and indirect droplet exposure was lower when the indoor was 40%. During the course of performing ophthalmic examinations or treatment, ophthalmologists typically face a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by droplet transmission.
眼科医生在眼科诊断过程中直接和间接接触的量化不足，使得难以估计眼科医生在工作环境中面临的气溶胶病原体的感染风险。使用热人体模型的精确数值模型和计算流体动力学模拟，在半分钟的过程中研究了直接（飞沫吸入和黏膜沉积）和间接暴露（工作设备上的飞沫）。选择三种眼科检查或治疗情况（直接检眼镜检查、裂隙灯显微镜检查和眼科手术）作为典型暴露距离，两种呼吸模式（正常呼吸和咳嗽），三种环境水平（40%、70%和 95%）和三种初始液滴大小（50μm、70μm 和 100μm）作为常见的工作环境条件。发现眼科医生在直接检眼镜检查期间接触患者呼气飞沫的暴露量是在 1 米距离进行正常人际互动时的人的 95 倍，是在裂隙灯显微镜检查期间的眼科医生、在眼科手术期间的外科医生和在眼科手术期间的助手的 12.1、8.8 和 9.7 倍。当患者咳嗽呼气时，眼科医生直接接触飞沫的暴露量约为患者呼气时的 7.6 倍。与高室内相比，当室内为 40%时，直接飞沫暴露更高，间接飞沫暴露更低。在进行眼科检查或治疗的过程中，眼科医生通常面临通过飞沫传播感染 SARS-CoV-2 的高风险。
