Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Adv Parasitol. 2021;113:225-286. doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2021.08.006. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Within the past two decades, incidence of human cases of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi has increased markedly. P. knowlesi is now the most common cause of human malaria in Malaysia and threatens to undermine malaria control programmes across Southeast Asia. The emergence of zoonotic malaria corresponds to a period of rapid deforestation within this region. These environmental changes impact the distribution and behaviour of the simian hosts, mosquito vector species and human populations, creating new opportunities for P. knowlesi transmission. Here, we review how landscape changes can drive zoonotic disease emergence, examine the extent and causes of these changes across Southeast and identify how these mechanisms may be impacting P. knowlesi dynamics. We review the current spatial epidemiology of reported P. knowlesi infections in people and assess how these demographic and environmental changes may lead to changes in transmission patterns. Finally, we identify opportunities to improve P. knowlesi surveillance and develop targeted ecological interventions within these landscapes.
在过去的二十年中，人类感染动物源性疟疾疟原虫 knowlesi 的病例明显增多。P. knowlesi 现已成为马来西亚最常见的人类疟疾病因，并有可能破坏整个东南亚的疟疾控制计划。动物源性疟疾的出现与该地区快速森林砍伐的时期相对应。这些环境变化影响了灵长类宿主、蚊子媒介物种和人类种群的分布和行为，为 P. knowlesi 的传播创造了新的机会。在这里，我们回顾了景观变化如何引发人畜共患病的出现，考察了东南亚地区这些变化的程度和原因，并确定了这些机制可能如何影响 P. knowlesi 的动态。我们回顾了报告的人类感染疟原虫 knowlesi 的当前空间流行病学，并评估了这些人口和环境变化可能导致传播模式的变化。最后，我们确定了在这些景观中加强 P. knowlesi 监测和制定有针对性的生态干预措施的机会。
