State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA.
Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2021 Oct;63:102118. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102118. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
Male germline development in flowering plants involves two distinct and successive phases, microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, which involve one meiosis followed by two rounds of mitosis. Many aspects of distinctions after mitosis between the vegetative cell and the male germ cells are seen, from morphology to structure, and the differential functions of the two cell types in the male gametophyte are differentially needed and required for double fertilization. The two sperm cells, carriers of the hereditary substances, depend on the vegetative cell/pollen tube to be delivered to the female gametophyte for double fertilization. Thus, the intercellular communication and coordinated activity within the male gametophyte probably represent the most subtle regulation in flowering plants to guarantee the success of reproduction. This review will focus on what we have known about the differentiation process and the functional diversification of the vegetative cell and the male germ cell, the most crucial cell types for plant fertility and crop production.
在开花植物中，雄性生殖细胞的发育涉及两个不同且连续的阶段，即小孢子发生和小配子发生，其中包括一次减数分裂和两次有丝分裂。从形态到结构，在有丝分裂后雄性生殖细胞和营养细胞之间存在许多区别，这两种细胞类型在雄性配子体中的不同功能对于双受精是有差异的。携带遗传物质的两个精子细胞依赖于营养细胞/花粉管将其输送到雌性配子体中进行双受精。因此，雄性配子体中的细胞间通讯和协调活动可能代表着开花植物中最微妙的调控，以保证繁殖的成功。这篇综述将重点介绍我们对营养细胞和雄性生殖细胞分化过程和功能多样化的了解，这两种细胞类型对于植物的生殖力和作物生产至关重要。
