Xu Xiao, Yang Shunli, Olajide Joshua Seun, Qu Zigang, Gong Zhenxing, Wang Jing, Zhang Yanbing, Wang Heng, Xiong Ling, Zhang Kun, Zhou Enmin, Cai Jianping
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Front Physiol. 2021 Sep 24;12:737481. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.737481. eCollection 2021.
Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by , is an economically important disease in the broiler. Among normal flora in the broiler intestinal region, has been identified as a probiotic agent that reduces the susceptibility of broilers to . However, the effects of supplement on broiler intestinal integrity during NE are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function, and the functions of immune-related cytokines under NE in broilers. Chickens were divided into five groups: control group (NC), supplement only group (CB), NE-infected group (PC), supplement from Day 14 (NECB1) to Day 22 NE-infected group, and supplement from Day 1 (NECB2) to Day 22 NE-infected group. The results showed that there were significantly decreased average daily weight gain and increased feed conversion rate in the infected group (PC) compared with the -supplemented groups (NECB1 and NECB2) through the diet. Histopathological observation on the Hematoxylin-Eosin staining avian small intestine sections revealed that supplementation of (NECB1 and NECB2) could increase the intestinal villus height/crypt depth and lessen the intestinal damage under NE. ELISA and Limulus test showed that broilers infected with NE (PC) had higher serum IgA and lipopolysaccharide content; however, after supplementation (NECB1 and NECB2), they returned to a normal level. Furthermore, real-time PCR and Western blot results indicated that compared with PC, supplementing (NECB1 and NECB2) could initialize the expressions of genes related to the intestinal barrier-associated molecules (such as CLDN-1, CLDN-3, OCLN, MUC2, ZO-1, and CLDN5), cytokines (such as IL-10, IL-6, and TGFB1), and gene expression. Moreover, the results detected by the Ussing chamber suggested that (NECB1 and NECB2) could amend the decrease in conductivity value and short-circuit current value caused by NE. In addition, NECB2 significantly reduced the upregulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux caused by the NE disease. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation of in broilers with NE improved chicken growth performance, intestinal integrity and barrier function, and immunological status. Notably, no statistical difference was observed with the addition of on day 1 or day 14.
坏死性肠炎（NE）由[未提及具体病因]引起，是肉鸡养殖中一种具有重要经济影响的疾病。在肉鸡肠道区域的正常菌群中，[未提及具体益生菌]已被鉴定为一种益生菌剂，可降低肉鸡对[未提及具体疾病]的易感性。然而，在坏死性肠炎期间补充[未提及具体物质]对肉鸡肠道完整性的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们调查了[未提及具体物质]对坏死性肠炎肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态和屏障功能以及免疫相关细胞因子功能的影响。将鸡分为五组：对照组（NC）、仅补充[未提及具体物质]组（CB）、坏死性肠炎感染组（PC）、从第14天（NECB1）至第22天补充[未提及具体物质]的坏死性肠炎感染组以及从第1天（NECB2）至第22天补充[未提及具体物质]的坏死性肠炎感染组。结果表明，与通过日粮补充[未提及具体物质]的组（NECB1和NECB2）相比，感染组（PC）的平均日增重显著降低，饲料转化率升高。对苏木精 - 伊红染色的禽类小肠切片进行组织病理学观察发现，补充[未提及具体物质]（NECB1和NECB2）可增加肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度，并减轻坏死性肠炎下的肠道损伤。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和鲎试剂检测表明，感染坏死性肠炎的肉鸡（PC）血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）和脂多糖含量较高；然而，补充[未提及具体物质]（NECB1和NECB2）后，它们恢复到正常水平。此外，实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（real-time PCR）和蛋白质免疫印迹（Western blot）结果表明，与PC组相比，补充[未提及具体物质]（NECB1和NECB2）可启动与肠道屏障相关分子（如闭合蛋白-1（CLDN-1）、闭合蛋白-3（CLDN-3）、紧密连接蛋白（OCLN）、黏蛋白2（MUC2）、紧密连接蛋白-1（ZO-1）和闭合蛋白5（CLDN5））、细胞因子（如白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和转化生长因子β1（TGFB1））以及[未提及具体基因]表达相关的基因表达。此外，尤斯灌流小室检测结果表明，[未提及具体物质]（NECB1和NECB2）可改善坏死性肠炎引起的电导率值和短路电流值的降低。此外，NECB2显著降低了坏死性肠炎疾病引起的异硫氰酸荧光素 - 葡聚糖通量的上调。总之，这些发现表明，在患有坏死性肠炎的肉鸡日粮中补充[未提及具体物质]可改善鸡的生长性能、肠道完整性和屏障功能以及免疫状态。值得注意的是，在第1天或第14天添加[未提及具体物质]时未观察到统计学差异。
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