Poomanee Worrapan, Khunkitti Watcharee, Chaiyana Wantida, Intasai Nutjeera, Lin Wei-Chao, Lue Shang-Chian, Leelapornpisid Pimporn
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
Toxicol Res. 2021 Feb 11;37(4):459-472. doi: 10.1007/s43188-020-00079-6. eCollection 2021 Oct.
This study aimed to investigate the potential of L. seed kernel extract, which is highly discarded by the global food processing industry, as a multifunctional bioactive ingredient for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. Different extracting solvents were utilized, the extracts were then tested for their antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging assays, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and gallic acid content were elucidated using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, as well as high performance liquid chromatography. The hydroethanolic extract (KMHE) exhibited the highest percentage yield, with the highest antioxidant activity owing to its high phenolic content. KMHE consisted of 773.66 ± 9.42 mg GAE/g extract in TPC, 36.20 ± 4.20 mg RU/g extract in TFC. Additionally, gallic acid was shown to be a major constituent of KMHE. KMHE was investigated for anti-tyrosinase, anti-hyaluronidase, anti-MMP-2, and anti-MMP-9 activities. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of KMHE were studied in RAW 264.7 cells induced by nitric oxide and KMHE was shown to prevent DNA damage, indicating an inhibitory effect on cellular aging. KMHE showed outstanding anti-tyrosinase activity and was as potent an anti-hyaluronidase as gallic acid. Additionally, our results reveal notable anti-MMP-2 and anti-MMP-9 effects that were not significantly different from those of gallic acid. Furthermore, KMHE demonstrated 61.54 ± 2.39% nitric oxide inhibition, with no cytotoxic effects, in RAW264.7 cells, and also prevented DNA damage in the human fibroblast BJ cell line with no cytotoxic effects. Therefore, KMHE could be a promising, natural multifunctional bioactive compound for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications.
本研究旨在探究被全球食品加工业大量废弃的L. 种子仁提取物作为营养保健品和化妆品应用中多功能生物活性成分的潜力。使用了不同的提取溶剂，然后通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除试验以及脂质过氧化抑制试验对提取物的抗氧化活性进行测试。此外，采用福林 - 酚法和氯化铝比色法以及高效液相色谱法测定总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）和没食子酸含量。水乙醇提取物（KMHE）的得率最高，由于其酚含量高，抗氧化活性也最高。KMHE的TPC为773.66±9.42 mg GAE/g提取物，TFC为36.20±4.20 mg RU/g提取物。此外，没食子酸被证明是KMHE的主要成分。对KMHE进行了抗酪氨酸酶、抗透明质酸酶、抗基质金属蛋白酶 - 2（MMP - 2）和抗基质金属蛋白酶 - 9（MMP - 9）活性研究。此外，在一氧化氮诱导的RAW 264.7细胞中研究了KMHE的抗炎作用，结果表明KMHE可预防DNA损伤，表明其对细胞衰老具有抑制作用。KMHE表现出出色的抗酪氨酸酶活性，其抗透明质酸酶活性与没食子酸相当。此外，我们的结果显示出显著的抗MMP - 2和抗MMP - 9作用，与没食子酸的作用无显著差异。此外，KMHE在RAW264.7细胞中表现出61.54±2.39%的一氧化氮抑制率且无细胞毒性作用，并且在人成纤维细胞BJ细胞系中也能预防DNA损伤且无细胞毒性作用。因此，KMHE可能是一种有前景的天然多功能生物活性化合物，可用于营养保健品和化妆品应用。
