先天性心脏病患儿营养状况评估：一项比较研究。
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Children With Congenital Heart Disease: A Comparative Study.
作者信息
Chinawa Awoere T, Chinawa Josephat M, Duru Chika Onyinyechi, Chukwu Bartholomew F, Obumneme-Anyim Ijeoma
机构信息
Department of Community Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
出版信息
Front Nutr. 2021 Sep 17;8:644030. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.644030. eCollection 2021.
Malnutrition poses a great burden to children in the tropics. However, this seems to be accentuated in children with congenital heart disease. The present study is therefore aimed at determining the nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease and to compare them with those without congenital heart disease. This is a cross-sectional study, where congenital heart disease was diagnosed by means of echocardiograph. Anthro software was used to calculate Z scores for weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ), and weight for height (WHZ). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by the formula BMI = Weight (Kg)/height (M2). The body mass index-for-age z-score (BAZ) and height/length-for-age z-score (HAZ) were calculated for both subjects and controls to determine their nutritional status. It was observed that 38.5% (112/291) of the subjects were wasted (BAZ < -2SD) compared to 6.25% (16/256) of the controls and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 81.2, < 0.001). Stunting (height/length-for-age z-score < -2SD) was also observed in a greater proportion of subjects than controls as 37.8% (107/291) of subjects were stunted compared with 7.0% (18/256) of the controls (χ2 = 69.9, < 0.001). The under-five subjects had more cases of malnutrition than the controls of same age group as illustrated in Table 6. Whereas 42.9% (96/224) of the under-five subjects were wasted, only 6.2% (12/192) of the controls were wasted. On the other hand, 4.2% (8/192) of the under-five controls were obese compared to 0.9% (2/224) of the subjects of similar age group. Children with congenital heart disease present with varying degrees of malnutrition that is worse compared with children without congenital heart disease. The impact of malnutrition is worse among children under the age of five. Wasting is more prevalent in children with cyanotic heart disease compared with those with acyanotic congenital heart disease. Overweight and obesity were notable features of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease, but this is worse in children without congenital heart disease.
营养不良给热带地区的儿童带来了巨大负担。然而，这在先天性心脏病患儿中似乎更为突出。因此，本研究旨在确定先天性心脏病患儿的营养状况，并将他们与无先天性心脏病的儿童进行比较。这是一项横断面研究，通过超声心动图诊断先天性心脏病。使用Anthro软件计算年龄别体重（WAZ）、年龄别身高（HAZ）和身高别体重（WHZ）的Z评分。体重指数（BMI）通过公式BMI =体重（千克）/身高（米²）计算得出。计算研究对象和对照组的年龄别体重指数Z评分（BAZ）和年龄别身高/身长Z评分（HAZ），以确定他们的营养状况。结果发现，38.5%（112/291）的研究对象消瘦（BAZ < -2SD），而对照组为6.25%（16/256），差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 81.2，P < 0.001）。发育迟缓（年龄别身高/身长Z评分 < -2SD）在研究对象中的比例也高于对照组，37.8%（107/291）的研究对象发育迟缓，而对照组为7.0%（18/256）（χ² = 69.9，P < 0.001）。如表6所示，5岁以下的研究对象营养不良的情况比同年龄组的对照组更多。5岁以下的研究对象中42.9%（96/224）消瘦，而对照组中只有6.2%（12/192）消瘦。另一方面，5岁以下对照组中有4.2%（8/192）肥胖，而同龄组的研究对象中只有0.9%（2/224）肥胖。先天性心脏病患儿存在不同程度的营养不良，与无先天性心脏病的儿童相比情况更糟。营养不良对5岁以下儿童的影响更严重。与无青紫型先天性心脏病的儿童相比,青紫型心脏病患儿消瘦更为普遍。超重和肥胖是先天性心脏病患儿营养不良的显著特征，但在无先天性心脏病的儿童中情况更糟。
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