酮体在健康和疾病中的代谢和信号作用。
Metabolic and Signaling Roles of Ketone Bodies in Health and Disease.
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; email:
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
出版信息
Annu Rev Nutr. 2021 Oct 11;41:49-77. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-111120-111518.
Ketone bodies play significant roles in organismal energy homeostasis, serving as oxidative fuels, modulators of redox potential, lipogenic precursors, and signals, primarily during states of low carbohydrate availability. Efforts to enhance wellness and ameliorate disease via nutritional, chronobiological, and pharmacological interventions have markedly intensified interest in ketone body metabolism. The two ketone body redox partners, acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate, serve distinct metabolic and signaling roles in biological systems. We discuss the pleiotropic roles played by both of these ketones in health and disease. While enthusiasm is warranted, prudent procession through therapeutic applications of ketogenic and ketone therapies is also advised, as a range of metabolic and signaling consequences continue to emerge. Organ-specific and cell-type-specific effects of ketone bodies are important to consider as prospective therapeutic and wellness applications increase.
酮体在机体能量稳态中发挥着重要作用，作为氧化燃料、氧化还原电势调节剂、生脂前体和信号分子，主要在碳水化合物供应不足的状态下发挥作用。通过营养、生理节律和药理学干预来增强健康和改善疾病的努力，显著增强了人们对酮体代谢的兴趣。两种酮体的氧化还原伴侣，乙酰乙酸盐和 D-β-羟丁酸，在生物系统中发挥着不同的代谢和信号作用。我们讨论了这两种酮体在健康和疾病中的多效作用。虽然值得兴奋，但在使用生酮和酮疗法进行治疗时也需要谨慎，因为一系列代谢和信号后果仍在不断出现。随着预期的治疗和健康应用的增加，酮体对器官和细胞类型的特异性作用是需要考虑的重要因素。
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