Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Dec 1;229(Pt B):109082. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109082. Epub 2021 Sep 24.
Delay discounting assessments typically involve choices between an immediate outcome and a larger amount of the same outcome after a delay. Real-world choices, however, more often involve qualitatively different alternatives. The primary aim of this study was to examine single- and cross-commodity discounting of money, alcohol, and cannabis, along with clinical measures of alcohol and cannabis use among people who use both alcohol and cannabis, yet differ in tobacco cigarette smoking status (i.e., dual- versus tri-use).
An online crowdsourced sample (N = 318) of people who reported using alcohol and cannabis in the past week completed single- and cross-commodity discounting assessments across each combination of money, alcohol, and cannabis. We recruited a balanced number of people who did and did not also use tobacco cigarettes and examined associations between discounting, tobacco use, and clinical indicators.
People who reported using tobacco cigarettes in addition to alcohol and cannabis tended to engage in significantly higher rates of harmful alcohol and cannabis use than those who reported using only alcohol and cannabis. Cross-commodity discounting was significantly associated with patterns of harmful alcohol and cannabis use while no associations emerged for single-commodity discounting.
Cross-commodity discounting provides a nuanced account of intertemporal choice by incorporating relative commodity valuation and appears to characterize harmful alcohol and cannabis use more clearly than single-commodity arrangements. Further cross-commodity research is needed to better understand the interplay between temporal location and relative commodity value among people who use multiple substances.
延迟折扣评估通常涉及在即时结果和延迟后获得相同结果的较大金额之间进行选择。然而，现实世界中的选择更经常涉及到不同质的替代方案。本研究的主要目的是检验金钱、酒精和大麻的单一和跨商品折扣，以及在使用酒精和大麻的人群中，同时还存在吸烟状况（即双重使用与三重使用）差异的情况下，对酒精和大麻使用的临床测量。
一项在线众包研究（N=318）招募了过去一周内报告使用酒精和大麻的人群，他们完成了跨货币、酒精和大麻的单一和跨商品折扣评估。我们招募了数量平衡的同时使用烟草香烟和不使用烟草香烟的人群，并考察了折扣、烟草使用和临床指标之间的关联。
与仅报告使用酒精和大麻的人群相比，同时报告使用烟草香烟的人群倾向于表现出更高的有害酒精和大麻使用率。跨商品折扣与有害酒精和大麻使用模式显著相关，而单一商品折扣则没有关联。
跨商品折扣通过纳入相对商品估值，为跨时间选择提供了细致的解释，并且似乎比单一商品安排更能清晰地描述有害酒精和大麻使用。需要进一步进行跨商品研究，以更好地理解在使用多种物质的人群中，时间位置和相对商品价值之间的相互作用。
