Gorissen Marleen, van den Berg Chantal J W, Bijleveld Catrien C J H, Ruiter Stijn, Berenblum Tamar
Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2023 Apr;24(2):828-843. doi: 10.1177/15248380211043831. Epub 2021 Oct 11.
We map the available scientific literature on how and why victims of sexual violence use digital platforms in the aftermath of victimization. Twenty-four empirical studies on sexual victimization and online disclosure were identified by systematically searching Web of Science and PsycINFO, checking reference lists, and consulting authors about relevant publications. The literature on online disclosure of sexual victimization does not yield a coherent picture. International literature pays limited attention to the various components of online disclosure like the characteristics of victims who disclosure online and the characteristics of the disclosure messages. Most studies focused on motivations for and reactions to online disclosure. Victims of sexual violence disclose sexual victimization online to seek support for clarification and validation, unburdening, documenting, seeking justice, informing others, or commercial goals (individual-oriented disclosure) and to provide support, educate, and as a form of activism (other-oriented disclosure). Responses to online disclosure are predominantly positive. Negative responses are rare. This review provides a comprehensive overview of multidisciplinary empirical information and displays knowledge gaps in victimological research. Future research should use robust quantitative and/or qualitative designs with substantial sample sizes, comparing victims who do disclose their sexual victimization online to victims who do not and comparing disclosure on different online platforms to increase generalizability. Potential for online support is identified, in which online disclosure can serve as a relatively safe alternative to off-line disclosure. This offers points of intervention for assistance and victim support in facilitating the use of the internet for support for victims of sexual violence.
我们梳理了关于性暴力受害者在受害后如何以及为何使用数字平台的现有科学文献。通过系统检索科学网（Web of Science）和心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）、查阅参考文献列表以及向作者咨询相关出版物，共确定了24项关于性侵害及网络披露的实证研究。关于性侵害网络披露的文献并未呈现出连贯一致的图景。国际文献对网络披露的各个组成部分关注有限，比如在线披露受害者的特征以及披露信息的特征。大多数研究聚焦于网络披露的动机和反应。性暴力受害者在网上披露性侵害经历，目的是寻求支持以获得澄清和确认、倾诉、记录、寻求正义、告知他人或出于商业目的（以个人为导向的披露），以及提供支持、开展教育并作为一种维权形式（以他人为导向的披露）。对网络披露的回应大多是积极的。负面回应很少见。本综述全面概述了多学科实证信息，并揭示了受害者学研究中的知识空白。未来的研究应采用强大的定量和/或定性设计，样本量要足够大，比较那些确实在网上披露性侵害经历的受害者和未进行披露的受害者，并比较在不同网络平台上的披露情况，以提高研究的普遍性。研究还确定了在线支持的潜力，即网络披露可以作为线下披露的一种相对安全的替代方式。这为在协助和支持受害者利用互联网为性暴力受害者提供支持方面提供了干预要点。
