Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan.
Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 11;11(1):20128. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99128-9.
'Yips' in golf is a complex spectrum of anxiety and movement-disorder that affects competitive sporting performance. With unclear etiology and high prevalence documented in western literature, the perception and management of this psycho-neuromuscular problem among Japanese elite golfers is unknown. The objective of this study was to explore factors associated with yips, investigate the performance deficits and the strategies implemented to prevent yips. We surveyed approx. 1300 professional golfers on their golfing habits, anxiety and musculoskeletal problems, kinematic deficits, changes in training and their outcomes. Statistical procedures included multiple logistic regression and network analysis. 35% of the respondents had experienced yips in their career, their odds increasing proportionally to their golfing experience. Regardless of musculoskeletal symptoms, about 57% of all yips-golfers attributed their symptoms to psychological causes. Network analysis highlighted characteristic movement patterns, i.e. slowing, forceful or freezing of movement for putting, approach and teeing shots respectively. Golfers' self-administered strategies to relieve yips were mostly inconsequential. Within the limits of our self-reported survey, most golfers perceived yips as a psychological phenomenon despite evidence pointing to a movement-disorder. While self-administered interventions were satisfactory at best, it may be imperative to sensitize golfers from a movement-disorder standpoint for early management of the problem.
高尔夫中的“挥杆痉挛”是一种复杂的焦虑和运动障碍，会影响竞技运动表现。在西方文献中有记载这种疾病病因不明且发病率高，但在日本，精英高尔夫球手对这种心理神经肌肉问题的认知和管理情况尚不清楚。本研究的目的是探讨与挥杆痉挛相关的因素，调查其表现缺陷以及为预防挥杆痉挛而实施的策略。我们调查了大约 1300 名职业高尔夫球手的高尔夫习惯、焦虑和肌肉骨骼问题、运动学缺陷、训练变化及其结果。统计程序包括多项逻辑回归和网络分析。35%的受访者在职业生涯中经历过挥杆痉挛，他们的几率与高尔夫经验成正比。无论是否有肌肉骨骼症状，大约 57%的挥杆痉挛高尔夫球手将症状归因于心理原因。网络分析突出了典型的运动模式，即推杆、近球和开球时的运动分别减慢、用力或冻结。高尔夫球手自行缓解挥杆痉挛的策略大多没有效果。在我们的自我报告调查的限制范围内，尽管有证据表明存在运动障碍，但大多数高尔夫球手认为挥杆痉挛是一种心理现象。虽然自我管理的干预措施在最好的情况下也是令人满意的，但从运动障碍的角度出发，让高尔夫球手尽早意识到这个问题并进行管理可能至关重要。
