Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, PR China.
Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu 730000, PR China.
Curr Gene Ther. 2022;22(4):291-302. doi: 10.2174/1566523221666211012092855.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs), multidirectional cells with self-renewal capacity, can differentiate into many cell types and play essential roles in tissue healing and regenerative medicine. Cell experiments and in vivo research in animal models have shown that BMSCs can repair degenerative discs by promoting cell proliferation and expressing Extracellular Matrix (ECM) components, such as type II collagen and protein-polysaccharides. Delaying or reversing the Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) process at an etiological level may be an effective strategy. However, despite increasingly in-depth research, some deficiencies in cell transplantation timing and strategy remain, preventing the clinical application of cell transplantation. Exosomes exhibit the characteristics of the mother cells from which they are secreted and can inhibit Nucleus Pulposus Cell (NPC) apoptosis and delay IDD through intercellular communication. Furthermore, the use of exosomes effectively avoids problems associated with cell transplantation, such as immune rejection. This manuscript introduces almost all of the BMSCs and exosomes derived from BMSCs (BMSCs-Exos) described in the IDD literature. Many challenges regarding the use of cell transplantation and therapeutic exosome intervention for IDD remain to be overcome.
骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）是一种具有自我更新能力的多能细胞，能够分化为多种细胞类型，并在组织修复和再生医学中发挥重要作用。细胞实验和动物模型的体内研究表明，BMSCs 可以通过促进细胞增殖和表达细胞外基质（ECM）成分，如 II 型胶原和蛋白多糖，来修复退化的椎间盘。从病因学角度延缓或逆转椎间盘退变（IDD）进程可能是一种有效的策略。然而，尽管细胞移植的研究不断深入，但在细胞移植的时机和策略方面仍存在一些不足，阻碍了细胞移植的临床应用。外泌体表现出与其来源细胞相同的特征，并通过细胞间通讯抑制髓核细胞（NPC）凋亡，从而延缓 IDD。此外，外泌体的使用有效地避免了细胞移植相关的问题，如免疫排斥。本文介绍了 IDD 文献中描述的几乎所有骨髓间充质干细胞和由骨髓间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体（BMSCs-Exos）。细胞移植和治疗性外泌体干预 IDD 仍面临许多挑战。
