Zhang Xiaofang, Che Xiaofang, Zhang Sibo, Wang Runze, Li Mo, Jin Yi, Wang Tianlu, Song Yingqiu
Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning, China.
Authors contributed equally.
Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids. 2024 Feb 6;5(1):64-82. doi: 10.20517/evcna.2023.47. eCollection 2024.
Stem cell therapy is a novel approach for treating various severe and intractable diseases, including autoimmune disorders, organ transplants, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the extensive utilization of stem cells is constrained by potential tumorigenicity, challenges in precise differentiation, rejection concerns, and ethical considerations. Extracellular vesicles possess the ability to carry diverse bioactive factors from stem cells and deliver them to specific target cells or tissues. Moreover, they offer the advantage of low immunogenicity. Consequently, they have the potential to facilitate the therapeutic potential of stem cells, mitigating the risks associated with direct stem cell application. Therefore, the use of stem cell extracellular vesicles in clinical diseases has received increasing attention. This review summarizes advances in the use of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). MSC extracellular vesicles are used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, liver injury, COVID-19, and allergies; in the repair of tissue damage in heart disease, kidney injury, and osteoarthritic diseases; as a carrier in the treatment of tumors; and as a regenerative agent in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
干细胞疗法是一种治疗各种严重和难治性疾病的新方法，包括自身免疫性疾病、器官移植、肿瘤和神经退行性疾病。然而，干细胞的广泛应用受到潜在致瘤性、精确分化挑战、排斥问题和伦理考量的限制。细胞外囊泡能够携带干细胞的多种生物活性因子，并将其递送至特定的靶细胞或组织。此外，它们具有低免疫原性的优势。因此，它们有可能促进干细胞的治疗潜力，降低直接应用干细胞相关的风险。因此，干细胞外泌体在临床疾病中的应用受到越来越多的关注。本综述总结了间充质干细胞（MSC）来源的细胞外囊泡的应用进展。MSC外泌体用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、肝损伤、COVID-19和过敏等炎症性疾病；用于修复心脏病、肾损伤和骨关节炎疾病中的组织损伤；作为肿瘤治疗的载体；以及作为阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病的再生剂。
