Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2021 Dec;27(12):1437-1445. doi: 10.1111/cns.13743. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Exosomes (EXs), a type of extracellular vesicles, are secreted from virtually all types of cells. EXs serve as cell-to-cell communicators by conveying proteins and nucleic acids with regulatory functions. Increasing evidence shows that EXs are implicated in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Moreover, EXs have recently been highlighted as a new promising therapeutic strategy for in vivo delivery of nucleotides and drugs. Studies have revealed that infusion of EXs elicits beneficial effects on the CNS injury animal models. As compared to cell-based therapy, EXs-based therapy for CNS diseases has unique advantages, opening a new path for neurological medicine. In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge of EXs, the roles and applications of EXs as a viable pathological biomarker, and EX-based therapy for CNS diseases.
外泌体（EXs）是一种细胞外囊泡，几乎可以从所有类型的细胞中分泌出来。EXs 通过传递具有调节功能的蛋白质和核酸，充当细胞间的通讯器。越来越多的证据表明，EXs 参与了中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的发病机制。此外，EXs 最近作为一种新的有前途的治疗策略，用于体内输送核苷酸和药物而受到关注。研究表明，EXs 的输注对 CNS 损伤动物模型具有有益的影响。与基于细胞的治疗相比，基于 EXs 的 CNS 疾病治疗具有独特的优势，为神经医学开辟了新的途径。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 EXs 的当前知识状态、EXs 作为可行的病理生物标志物的作用和应用，以及基于 EXs 的 CNS 疾病治疗。
